We seek to advance a critical and relational concept of urban water security that theorizes urban processes in relation to the hydro-social dynamics that produce experiences of water securities and insecurities at multiple scales. Our intention is to set out an analytical framework that both examines the social relations that underpin water insecurity and goes beyond the urban as merely the context in which water provision and risk take place. We seek to mobilize this concept to envision meaningful water policies and hydro-social practices to enhance social equity and empowerment for urban communities.
This paper discusses water security and wellbeing with public health perspective and focuses on urban areas with high population density. The analysis relates access to safe water and the multiple challenges to water security, in two Megacities: São Paulo and London, considering their differences and similarities. It illustrates how water security and health are related to Agenda 2030 Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG6): universal and equitable access to safe drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene; SDG3: healthy lives and well-being for all. It also presents a discussion on water security exacerbated by the context of COVID-19 pandemic, during 2020.
RESUMO Dentre os múltiplos usos da água, destaca-se o consumo humano pelo seu papel na manutenção da vida. O objetivo do artigo é discutir a universalização do acesso à água e ao esgotamento sanitário como common. Para discutir essa questão central da universalização dos serviços, o artigo desenvolve-se por meio de quatro pontos fundamentais: i) panorama global do acesso à água potável e ao esgotamento sanitário; ii) contextualização socioambiental do saneamento básico no Brasil; iii) o acesso à água e ao saneamento básico como direito humano; e iv) o desdobramento da definição de universalização dos serviços de saneamento básico em três esferas de gestão da água e como a compreensão da universalização proposta contribui para o desenvolvimento do setor no Brasil. Considera-se o contraditório histórico sobre o conceito de universalização e os mecanismos existentes para medir a evolução e para alcançá-la.
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