Phytosterols (P) and fish-oil (F) efficacy on high-oleic-sunflower oil (HOSO) diets were assessed in hypercholesterolemic growing rats. Controls (C) received a standard diet for 8 weeks; experimental rats were fed an atherogenic diet (AT) for 3 weeks, thereafter were divided into four groups fed for 5 weeks a monounsaturated fatty acid diet (MUFA) containing either: extra virgin olive oil (OO), HOSO or HOSO supplemented with P or F. The diets did not alter body weight or growth. HOSO-P and HOSO-F rats showed reduced total cholesterol (T-chol), non-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (non-HDL-chol) and triglycerides and increased HDL-chol levels, comparably to the OO rats. Total body fat (%) was similar among all rats; but HOSO-F showed the lowest intestinal, epididymal and perirenal fat. However, bone mineral content and density, and bone yield stress and modulus of elasticity were unchanged. Growing hypercholesterolemic rats fed HOSO with P or F improved serum lipids and fat distribution, but did not influence material bone quality.
The effects of replacing dietary saturated fat by different monounsaturated fatty acid (ω-9MUFA) sources on serum lipids, body fat and bone in growing hypercholesterolemic rats were studied. Rats received one of the six different diets: AIN-93G (control, C); extra virgin olive oil (OO) + C; high-oleic sunflower oil (HOSO) + C or atherogenic diet (AT) for 8 weeks; the remaining two groups received AT for 3 weeks and then, the saturated fat was replaced by an oil mixture of soybean oil added with OO or HOSO for 5 weeks. Rats consuming MUFA-rich diets showed the highest body fat, hepatic index and epididymal, intestinal and perirenal fat, and triglycerides. T-chol and non-HDL-chol were increased in HOSO rats but decreased in OO rats. Bone mineral content and density were higher in both OO and HOSO groups than in AT rats. This study casts caution to the generalization of the benefits of MUFA for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.
Reduced bone mass in growing rats fed MUFAn9‐rich diets was observed. But bone stiffness has not been defined yet. To study the mechanical bone competence in hypercholesterolemic (HC) rats fed MUFA diets, weanling male Wistar rats (n=48) were assigned to one of 7 diet groups for 8 weeks (T8). Three control groups fed a commercial diet (C), C+olive oil (COO) or C+high‐oleic sunflower oil (CHOSO) and 4 groups, an atherogenic diet for 3 weeks; then either one of OO, HOSO, HOSO+sterols or HOSO+fish oil diet. At T8, serum lipid‐lipoprotein profile and femur mechanical properties were assessed: Load‐bearing capacity, yielding load and deformation, stiffness, Cross‐sectional bone area, Cortical Area, moment of inertia, yield stress, elastic modulus. Body weight was lower in HOSO (p<0.0001). HOSO had the highest T‐chol & nHDL & the lowest HDL. HOSO+fish oil, the lowest T‐chol & nHDL. HOSO+sterols oil improved HDL, nHDL & T‐chol vs. HOSO (p<0.01). Structural & geometric properties were negatively affected but material bone quality properties remained unchanged in HC. The impaired mechanical bone competence in HC could be due to an altered bone mass and architectural distribution rather than to intrinsic bone quality with detrimental effects on femoral stiffness and strength. UBACyT 0613 and 0070 and Ped Sunshine Acad USA grants. Champin G technical support.
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