Background and AimsDietary habits in the Mexican population have changed dramatically over the last few years, which are reflected in increased overweight and obesity prevalence. The aim was to examine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and associated risk factors in Northern Mexican adults aged ≥16 years.Methods and ResultsThe study was a population-based cross-sectional nutritional survey carried out in the State of Nuevo León, Mexico. The study included a sub-sample of 1,200 subjects aged 16 and over who took part in the State Survey of Nutrition and Health–Nuevo León 2011/2012. Anthropometric measurements, physical activity, blood pressure and fasting blood tests for biochemical analysis were obtained from all subjects. The prevalence of MetS in Mexican adults aged ≥16 years was 54.8%, reaching 73.8% in obese subjects. This prevalence was higher in women (60.4%) than in men (48.9%) and increased with age in both genders. Multivariate analyses showed no evident relation between MetS components and the level of physical activity.ConclusionsObese adults, mainly women, are particularly at risk of developing MetS, with the associated implications for their health. The increasing prevalence of MetS highlights the need for developing strategies for its early detection and prevention.

Abstract:In Mexico, as in many other Latin American countries, the use of dental health services (UDHS) has been scarcely studied, especially the one related with groups that are considered at risk in certain areas. The aim of this study was to evaluate the factors associated with UDHS in an at risk population in primary care. Material and Methods: Cross-sectional study, involving students (T), pregnant women (PW), workers (W) and older adults (OA) (n=368). Variables such as the use of dental health services and factors such as geographical, economic, and organizational barriers were measured. Descriptive statistics, Chi Square test and multivariate binary logistic regression analysis were used. Results: 40.2% (95% CI 30.2-50.2) of the W group had a history of UDHS in primary care, 20% (95% CI 11.8-28.2) of the PW group had spent more than a year without visiting the dentist and 33% (95% CI 23.7-43.9) had been treated at a private dental care service. Level of schooling, occupation, federal support from "Programa Oportunidades" and access to dental care services (p<0.01) were factors associated with UDHS, independent of potential confounders. Conclusion: The health system should guarantee health care by offering comprehensive dental health services and removing organizational barriers to promote a more equitable access to dental care.

Introducción. Ante la deshidratación grave por diarrea y la contraindicación para rehidratación oral, la rehidratación en niños debe realizarse por vía intravenosa. La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) recomienda la rehidratación rápida. Objetivos. Describir los métodos de rehidratación intravenosa enseñados en las escuelas de medicina colombianas y confrontarlos con las recomendaciones de la OMS. Materiales y métodos. Se elaboró una encuesta para docentes de pediatría en escuelas de medicina. Se hicieron preguntas directas y se detallaron casos clínicos de niños deshidratados para ser resueltos. Se preguntó por las indicaciones para la hidratación intravenosa y la forma de hacerla (volumen, solución, concentraciones y velocidad de infusión).Resultados. Se aplicaron 41 encuestas (82 % de escuelas). Se mencionaron las contraindicaciones inadecuadas para el tratamiento de rehidratación oral en 41 % de ellas. Se recomendó rehidratación intravenosa rápida en 71 %, lenta en 29 % Y con bolos en 57 %. Menos de la mitad de los encuestados recomendaron adecuadamente el volumen por infundir y, el 85 %, la concentración de sodio. En 56 % de las escuelas no se usa glucosa en las soluciones y en 65,9 % usan lactato de Ringer. También, se utilizan solución salina normal, dextrosa con electrolitos y solución polielectrolítica. Conclusiones. Existen ideas erróneas para contraindicar el tratamiento de la rehidratación oral. La tercera parte de las escuelas indican el tratamiento lento a pesar de la superioridad del rápido en la literatura. Falta uniformidad en los esquemas de tratamiento rápido. Es común la hidratación con bolos, sin sustento en la literatura científica. Es necesario actualizar los conceptos sobre hidratación en las escuelas de medicina y proponer una guía nacional para la rehidratación intravenosa.Palabras clave: fluidoterapia,soluciones para rehidratación, deshidratación, diarrea, Colombia. Intravenous rehydration for diarrheal dehydration of eutrophic children: survey of protocols provided at Colombian medical schoolsIntroduction. In all cases of severe dehydration from diarrhea, WHO recommends rapid rehydration. If oral rehydration in children is contraindicated, intravenous rehydration is recommended for immediate administration. However, methods of intravenous rehydration appear to be inadequately addressed in the medical schools of Colombia. Objective. Current approaches to oral rehydration were summarized, and instructors were informed concerning current WHO recommendations. Materials and methods. A survey was designed for pediatric instructors in Colombian medical schools. Direct questions about rehydration methods were included as well as presentation of theoretical clinical situations with dehydrated children. The survey also asked for the conditions necessary for intravenous rehydration and method of administration (volume, solution, concentration and speed of infusion).Results. Forty-one surveys were included (82% of medical schools in Colombia). Inadequate contraindications for oral rehydratio...