Introduction Pharmacological rehabilitation of erectile function (EF) after nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy was repeatedly advocated. Aim To compare early vs. late penile rehabilitation in patients with nerve-sparing (NS) radical cystoprostatectomy based on a prospective randomized trial. Methods Eighteen patients without spontaneous erection 8 weeks after NS radical cystoprostatectomy were randomly divided into two groups; group I and II who started the erectogenic therapy at the 2nd and 6th month postoperatively, respectively. The pharmacological therapy constitutes of sildenafil citrate twice weekly to be shifted to intracavernosal injection (ICI) of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) if not responding. The treatment continued for 6 months in both groups. Main Outcome Measures The EF status was evaluated before and at the end of the treatment by International Index of Erectile Function questionnaire and penile Doppler ultrasonography (PDU). Results Six out of nine patients recovered unassisted erection after treatment in group I compared to three out of nine patients in group II. Two patients in group I and three patients in group II were maintained on sildenafil therapy on demand basis. The remaining four patients were dependent on ICI of PGE1. At final evaluation, a significant improvement was found in the EF, the intercourse satisfaction and overall satisfaction domains (P = 0.02, 0.03, and 0.02, respectively) in group I compared with group II. Regarding PDU findings, significant improvement in end-diastolic velocity was elicited in the early rehabilitation group compared with the pretreatment value (P = 0.03) with no significant difference between both groups. Conclusion Early compared with delayed erectile rehabilitation brings forward the natural healing time of potency and maintains nerve-assisted erection.

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