We describe a computer vision system for observing the "action units" of a face using video sequences as input. The visual observation (sensing} is achieved by using an optimal estimation opticaljlow method coupled with a geometric and a physical (muscle} model describing the facial structure. This modeling results in a time-varying spatial patterning of facial shape and a parametric representation of the independent muscle action groups, responsible for the observed facial motions. These muscle action patterns may then be usedforanalysis, interpretation, and synthesis. Thus, by interpreting facial motions within a physics-based optimal estimation framework, a new contra1 model of facial movement is developed. The newly extracted action units (which we name "FACS+"} are both physics and geometry-based, and extend the well-known FACS parameters for facial expressions by adding temporal information and non-local spatial patterning of facial motion.
An unusual histological variant of collagenoma is described. A 36-year-old woman presented with a lump in the left hypothenar eminence. Histological examination revealed a well-delineated lesion composed of paucicellular collagen fibres arranged in concentric lamellations giving rise to an onion skin appearance. The overlying epidermis was thin and the lateral borders were demarcated by an epidermal collarette. Inflammation and xanthoma cells were absent and occasional capillaries were present. The lesion was positive for collagen stains, reticulin and CD34. This lesion represents an uncommon histological form of collagenoma or fibroma. It can be distinguished from histological look-alikes on the basis of the characteristic morphology and immunophenotype.
This article probes the relationship between spatial belonging and memorialization in Arundhati Roy's The Ministry of Utmost Happiness (2017) and Regina Scheer's Machandel (2014), examining how the focus on graveyards in both novels ties in with their equally shared emphasis on social outsiders forming communities in (formerly) partitioned nations. It reassesses Michel Foucault's idea of heterotopias—exceptional spaces that reflect back on the rest of society—and shows how both texts position the perpetually shifting nature of such “other spaces” in contrast to the fixed and exclusionary notions of belonging that buttress contemporary right-wing nationalist discourses in India and Germany alike. Scrutinizing the memorializing function of the depicted graveyards in light of Michael Rothberg's concept of multidirectional memory, the article then demonstrates how Ministry and Machandel connect differently marginalized groups' histories and propose present-day solidarity between them. Reading heterotopia through multidirectionality and vice versa, this analysis showcases how Foucault's and Rothberg's respective concerns with discourse-destabilizing spaces and despatialized memory discourses productively complicate and complement each other. It is through the interplay of alternative material spaces and connective approaches to memory that Roy's and Scheer's novel develop visions of community centering on those otherwise marginalized.
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