The present study discusses the isolation of ursolic acid from the chloroform extract of
Paulownia tomentosa
(Thunb) Steud fruits and its cytotoxic effect has been assessed
in-vitro
was performed in different cells lines (A-549, MCF-7, HepG2) and
in-vivo
using N-diethylnitrosamine. The obtained results revealed that ursolic acid showed significant cytotoxic activity on MCF-7 and HepG2 cell lines in comparison to Doxorubicin as a reference drug. Moreover, we have assessed the inhibitory effects of
Paulownia tomentosa
fruit chloroform extract and the isolated ursolic acid on hepatocarcinogenesis was carried out for the first time using N-diethylnitrosamine, where the group treated with ursolic acid given orally after 8 weeks of cancer induction showed the most significant results in comparison to the chloroform extract. The effect of ursolic acid on intoxicated rats caused significant restoration of most of the normal hepatocytes architecture with regular dark nuclei and the group treated with
Paulownia tomentosa
fruits showed remarkable results with improvement in biochemical analysis.
Potential of Casimiroa edulis and Glycosmis pentaphylla leaves extracts were investigated against the effect of two different particle sizes of silver nanoparticles induced toxicity in mice. Mice received silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) (100 mg/kg) with 20 and 100 nm for four weeks followed by daily oral dose of extracts (500 mg/kg) for three weeks. C. edulis leaves identified fourteen phenolic compounds while, G. pentaphylla leaves identified, twelve phenolic compounds. Additionally, biochemical, genotoxicity, mutagenicity, and histopathological investigations were carried out, revealed that liver function activities, lipid profile, hydrogen peroxide, and C-reactive protein were significantly elevate post AgNPs exposure. While, superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferases, and glutathione peroxidase significantly reduce. A marked amelioration in all detected biomarkers, improved histopathological changes and repair DNA damage after treated with C. edulis and G. pentaphylla leaves extracts. These extracts are used for the first time as promising candidate therapeutic agents against toxicity induced by AgNPs. Practical applications The potential applications of AgNPs make it necessary to investigate the possible toxicity associated with release of free silver ions in the biological system. AgNPs of varying particle sizes had toxic effects as evidenced by alterations in some cellular biochemical parameters, genotoxicity, mutagenicity, and histopathological indices on mice. Casimiroa edulis and Glycosmis pentaphylla leaves extracts are used for the first time as promising candidate therapeutic, where they are able to ameliorate the toxicity induced via AgNPs and record vacillate percentage of improvement in the selected biomarkers, as a result of the bioactive secondary metabolites especially flavonoids and other polyphenolic compounds.
Objective: Casuarina equisetifolia bark is rich in various active metabolites and selected to be studied due to limitation of the synthetic antioxidants that have adverse side effects. The present study aimed to enhance efficiency of the most effective extract by incorporating gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs). Methods: The phytochemical and biological measurements were carried out in total methanolic extract and its successive fractions. Moreover, these measurements were assayed in the most effective extract after incorporating Au-NPs. Results: The study revealed that total methanolic extract exhibited the highest biological and cytotoxic activities as compared to other fractions. Therefore, it is considered as good candidate for nano-extract preparation. The methanolic extract incorporated with Au-NPs showed higher antioxidant, scavenging and cytotoxic activities in addition to higher inhibitory effect against α-amylase activity as compared to native extract itself. To pinpoint active agents in total methanolic extract, the secondary metabolite profiling via HPLC-MS showed that 33 and 17 metabolites were annotated in the extract before and after incorporating Au-NPs, respectively. The median lethal dose (LD 50 ) showed that gold total methanolic nano-extract is safer than total methanolic extract. Conclusion: This study concluded that total methanolic C. equisetifolia bark extract is a valuable bioresource to synthesize an eco-friendly Au-NPs with health-enhancing effect as antioxidant, antidiabetic and cytotoxic agents. The present study is considered as the first report on utilization of C. equisetifolia bark in synthesis of Au-NPs by mean of green nanotechnology and investigation of its biological activity in relation to its metabolite fingerprint.
We report the clinical and genetic characterization of 2 cousins sharing the same chromosomal anomaly; a 22pter-q11.2 deletion and a 14pter-q13 duplication due to an unusual familial reciprocal non robertsonian translocation between 2 acrocentric chromosomes t(14;22)(q13;q11.2), the mother of patient 1 was the first cousin of the father of patient 2. Fluorescent in situ hybridization confirmed the cytogenetic results. The patients showed dysmorphic features and developmental delay with evident intrafamilial phenotypic variability. Reciprocal non robertsonian translocation is a rare event, and has not been reported in patients with 22q11.2 deletions. The mechanism responsible for this rare type of translocation is discussed herein.
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