The aim of this study was to investigate changes in the trabecular architecture of the alveolar bone beneath overhanging restorations with bitewing radiographs in patients having no radiographically visible vertical bone loss. Twenty-eight digital bitewing radiographs with overhanging restorations and 28 digital bitewing radiographs without any restorations belonging to the contralateral side of the same patient were included in the study. Regions of interests (ROI) were created in the alveolar bone along the interproximal regions. These ROIs were segmented to binary images with ImageJ, and, within these binary images, the number of radiographically visible trabecular bone islands per unit area was counted; in addition, the Feret diameter and fractal dimension (FD) were measured. It was found that the mean number of objects per unit area was statistically different in alveolar bone with overhanging restorations from control sites (p < 0.0001). However, the FeD (p = 0.179) and FD (p = 0.963) did not show statistically significant differences between alveolar bone with and without overhanging restorations.

Although osteosarcoma of the head and neck is a relatively rare disease, it is a highly malignant bone tumor. Diagnosis of the tumor is important especially in early stages for improving prognosis. The patients with orofacial pain firstly prefer to go to dentists. Such kind of pain may be associated with an oral or maxillofacial cancer. The dentists must be careful for evaluating the clinical and radiologic clues. These clues determine the biopsy necessity, type and management plan. The aim of this case presentation is to emphasize the importance of dentists on diagnosis and prognosis of oral malignancies.

Masking has no effect on the evaluation of panoramic radiographs for MCI. Previous experience causes higher intraobserver agreement. Intra- and interobserver agreement increases along with the increased experience in MCI evaluations.

The maxillofacial region is composed of various anatomical structures that are observed as different densities on radiographs. In addition to teeth, bones and soft tissues, variations and pathological conditions also contribute to this density range. Radiographic interpretation may challenge practitioners to determine an exact diagnosis. It is difficult to diagnose calcifications caused by pathological conditions, especially areas that neighbour teeth and bone. 1,2 Idiopathic and dystrophic calcifications are seen in maxillofacial soft tissues. Dystrophic calcifications are the most common type. 3,4 Calcifications visualised on dental images are tonsilloliths, sialoliths, phleboliths, artery calcifications, adenoliths and lymph node calcifications. Tonsilloliths are composed of calcium and magnesium salts; the exact pathogenesis is not defined. 5 They are sometimes in concordance with clinical symptoms but may be asymptomatic. 6 Sialoliths are idiopathic calcifications in salivary glands. The submandibular gland is a favoured location because of its mucous secretions, narrowed orifice and opposite flow to gravity. 7 Phleboliths in the head and neck region can be observed in all age groups. Vascular malformation areas and thrombosis provide bases for their formation, with deposition of calcium phosphate and carbonate. In extreme examples, they may cause aesthetic problems, disrupt blood flow and lead to harmful inflammation, although they are generally

Size reduction through compression is an important issue that needs to be investigated for possible effects on image quality. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the subjective image quality of digital panoramic radiographs which were lossless and lossy compressed for the visualization of various anatomical structures. Fifty-five digital panoramic radiographs in Tagged Image File Format (Tiff) were used in the study. Two types of lossy (Joint Photographic Experts Group (Jpeg)) and one type of lossless (Lempel-Ziv-Welch) compression were applied to the original radiographs. These radiographs were evaluated by two observers separately for the visibility of some anatomical structures with visual grading. Mean quality number for each radiograph was obtained. The differences between the mean quality numbers in each compression and original image mode were evaluated with Friedman test. Pair-wise comparisons revealed that there were statistically significant differences between all groups (p = 0.000) for all comparisons except for Jpeg_1 and Jpeg_2 groups. Kappa statistics was used to evaluate inter- and intra-observer agreements. Intra-observer agreements were ranging from 0.229 to 1.000 and inter-observer agreements were ranging from 0.154 to 1.000. The observers had better inter- and intra-observer agreements in highly compressed Jpeg_1 images. The anatomical structures evaluated in this study had better visibility in Tiff images than Jpeg images except for mandibular canal and mental foramen. While Jpeg compressed images offer high inter- and intra-observer agreements, the visibility of anatomical structures are better in Tiff images except for mandibular canal and mental foramen.

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Objectives. The aim of the study is to detect the prevalence and the characteristics of infraorbital canal and Haller's cells on panoramic radiography of edentulous patients. Methods. The study group comprised 291 panoramic radiographs of edentulous patients. Radiographs were interpreted for the visibility and characteristics of infraorbital canal and Haller's cells. For classification of infraorbital canal, a method based on the image characteristics of the border of the canal (Types I, II, and III) was used. Haller's cells were grouped according to the number and the shape of loculations. Results. Infraorbital canal was observed in 246 (84.6%) radiographs. The most prevalent of the observed canals were Type III for both sides (39.9 % for right and 32.3% for left side). The visibility of Haller's cells was 23.7%. The frequencies of Haller's cells' visibility were approximately equal for both genders. There is no significant difference between genders for the visibility of infraorbital canal and Haller's cells. Conclusions. The surgeons, implantologists, and radiologists should take into consideration infraorbital canal and Haller's cell for planning implant surgery of maxillary anterior region and undefined orofacial pain for edentulous patients.

Gender Related Changes of Bizygomatic Diameter, Maxilla and Foramen Magnum in Different Age Groups Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between gender and the measurements/evaluations acquiered from skull base on cone beam computed tomography images in people at different decades.Methods: The study was performed on 100 CBCT images of the subjects in five different decades (age-ranged between 20-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59 and 60-69). A classification in eight categories was used for the categorisation of foramen magnum type. The dimensions of foramen magnum and maxillary alveolar region measured transversally and sagitally. Byzigomatic width measured transversally. The evaluations were repeated twicely. Data was analyzed in IBM SPSS Statistics 21.0. For statistically significance, p<0.05 was accepted as criteria.Results: In males "hegzagonal" type, in females "egg shaped" type was the most common forms. However, gender has no effect on the distribution of foramen types (p=0.841). Statistically significant difference was found between gender and all other measurements (p<0.05 for each one). Conclusion:The importance of radiologic data in forensic sciences is increasing. It was observed that data obtained from CBCT was compatible with data achieved from anatomic and CT studies using for determination of gender. It is foreseen that oral and maxillofacial radiology has an important contribution not only in the diagnosis of diseases, treatment and following of prognosis but also in forensic sciences.