According to the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), one third of food produced globally for human consumption is lost along the food supply chain. In many countries food waste are currently landfilled or incinerated together with other combustible municipal wastes for possible recovery of energyheat or other forms of energy. The residual ash is disposed of in landfills. However, these two approaches are facing more and more economic and environmental stresses. incineration is an expensive waste conversion technique and can potentially cause air pollution. From an environmental viewpoint, there is urgent need for appropriate management of food waste. Due to its organics-and nutrients-rich composition, theoretically food waste canould be utilized viewed as a useful resource for production of biofuel through various fermentation processes. So far, Such conversion of food waste is potentially more profitable than the conventional waste recycling efforts. Food waste valorisation of food waste has therefore attracted increasing gained interest, with bio-fuels such as biogasmethane, hydrogen, ethanol and biodiesel as final products. Therefore, this review aims to The aim of this review is to examine provide information on the food waste situation with emphasis on the in Asia-Pacific countries and the state-of-the-art of food waste fermentation technologies for developed around the world which may be applicable for renewable energy generation.
According to the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), one-third of food produced globally for human consumption (nearly 1.3 billion tons) is lost along the food supply chain. Food waste has often been incinerated with other combustible municipal wastes for possible recovery of heat or other forms of energy, and the residual ash is disposed of in landfills. However, incineration is not cost-effective, and can potentially cause air pollution. Therefore, green technology is urgently needed for appropriate management of food waste with a focus on material recovery. Due to its organics-and nutrients-rich nature, food waste could be viewed as a useful resource for production of high-value platform chemicals through fermentation. Compared with animal feed or traditional fuel for transportation, platform chemicals obviously have higher economic value, i.e. more profitable. Recently, technologies for production of value added bio-products (e.g. organic acids, biodegradable polymers, etc.) from various kinds of food wastes have gained more and more interest. This review attempts to examine the state of the art of the fermentation technologies of food waste for production of platform chemicals, with emphasis on the Asia-Pacific region.
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