Patent and Trademark Office in 2018, and it was stated that the content of the product consisted of a mixture of salep and the milk of goats fed with plants such as thyme, tragacanth, hyacinth, and crocus grown in Kahramanmaras province. The distinctive features of the product are that it has a chewy elastic structure, homogeneous white color, less overrun, and is more resistant to melting, and can maintain its properties for a long time at −18°C or lower temperatures (Republic of Turkey Ministry of Industry & Technology, Turkish Patent & Trademark Office, 2018). On the other hand, Maras type ice cream is defined as "ice cream produced with Maras ice cream technique, consisting of milk, sugar, salep, and/or other permitted additives and/or flavorings" according to the Turkish Food Codex Notification on Ice Cream (Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture & Forestry, 2004). Goat's milk used in the production of Maras ice cream has an important role in obtaining its unique flavor. Another important factor in the formation of the characteristic taste and texture of the product is salep obtained from the tubers of wild orchids. It was reported that there are at least 80 different species belonging to 10 different
In this study, Mediterranean mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819) were collected from the most important mussel distribution/fishing areas in Turkish coastal waters (Çanakkale, Balıkesir, İzmir). The presence of parasite was investigated based on molecular methods. Molecular identification of parasite species was established by designing parasite-specific primers for PCR amplification and resulting nucleotide sequences were analysed. As a result of this study, four parasite species were identified as Mytilicola intestinalis Steuer 1902, Mytilicola orientalis Mori 1935, Urastoma cyprinae Graff 1882, Parvatrema duboisi Dollfus 1923 respectively. All identified species were found in İzmir (Agean Sea) specimens while Urastoma cyprinae and Parvatrema duboisi were found only in Çanakkale (Dardanelle) and Balikesir (Marmara Sea) specimens. Nucleotide composition, pairwise genetic distance and phylogenetic trees of the detected species were given. This research takes place to be the first study on identifying mussel parasites by using molecular techniques. Also, Mytilicola orientalis is the first record from Turkish coastal waters.
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