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Aim: To determine frequency of adverse events and attacks related to vaccination in recipients of CoronaVac and BNT162b2 in familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) patients, and to search whether history of prior COVID-19 or a booster dose increases occurrence of adverse events/attacks. Methods: FMF patients were surveyed for administration of any COVID-19 vaccine and vaccine-related adverse events or FMF attacks. Demographic, clinical, vaccinerelated data, history of COVID-19 infection before or after vaccination, adherence to FMF treatment during vaccination were collected.Results: A total of 161 vaccinated FMF patients were included. Ninety-three patients out of 161 had reported suffering from an adverse event/attack after a vaccine dose. There were 54.7% of BNT162b2 recipients who reported any adverse event after any vaccine dose in comparison to 29.9% of CoronaVac recipients (P < .001). There were 22.2% of BNT162b2 recipients who reported suffering from a FMF attack within 1 month after vaccination in comparison to 19.4% of CoronaVac recipients (P = .653).When patients with or without adverse event/attack were compared, no significant differences were observed in means of demographics, comorbid diseases, disease duration, total vaccine doses, or treatments adhered to for FMF. Rates of adverse events/ attacks were similar between patients with and without prior COVID-19. In booster recipients, adverse events/attacks were most frequent after the booster dose. Conclusions:A considerable number of FMF patients suffered from vaccine-related adverse events/attacks, particularly with BNT162b2. No serious events or mortalities due to vaccination were detected. Demographics, clinical characteristics and prior history of vaccination did not significantly affect these results. We observed an increased rate of adverse events/attacks with booster dose administration.

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Objectives: This study aims to evaluate nailfold capillaroscopic pattern in patents with fibromyalgia and to assess the relation of capillaroscopic parameters with clinical variables and disease-related measures. Patients and methods: This cross-sectional, case-control study included 60 participants (4 males, 56 females; mean age: 44.0±8.2 years; range, 26 to 64 years) between August 2019 and November 2019. All participants were divided into two groups as the primary fibromyalgia group (n=30) who met the 2016 modified American College of Rheumatology Diagnostic Criteria for Fibromyalgia and the control group (n=30) consisting of age-and sex-matched healthy individuals. Nailfold capillaroscopy was performed by a digital microscope under a magnification of 200¥. Capillary density, capillary loop diameter, number of dilated, giant and neoangiogenic capillaries, capillary shape, number of avascular areas, micro-aneurysms and micro-hemorrhages were evaluated by an assessor who was blind to the group allocation. In the fibromyalgia group, Widespread Pain Index, Symptom Severity Scale scores, and Fibromyalgia Severity scores were calculated. Health status and presence of benign joint hypermobility syndrome (BJHS) were evaluated using the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) and revised Brighton criteria, respectively. Results: Of the capillaroscopic parameters, the mean capillary loop diameter, number of micro-aneurysms, avascular areas, and neoangiogenic capillaries were significantly higher in the patient group compared to the controls (p<0.001, p=0.016, p=0.038, and p=0.04, respectively). Nailfold capillaroscopic findings did not significantly differ between the patients with (n=16) and without concomitant BJHS (n=14). Of the disease-related measures, only FIQ score showed a weak correlation with the number of dilated capillaries (p=0.324). Conclusion:Patients with fibromyalgia have distinct capillaroscopic patterns than healthy population. Capillaroscopic features, in general, are not related to clinical variables and disease-related measures.

Türkiye'nin birçok bölgesinde ekonomik anlamda yetiştiriciliği yapılan elmanın eski bir kültür bitkisi olması nedeniyle elma üretiminde pazarlama etkinliğinin belirlenmesi önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada hem dolaylı hem de doğrudan pazarlama kanallarında elma üreticilerinin pazarlama etkinlikleri karşılaştırılmalı olarak incelenmiştir. Bunun yanında çalışmada, üreticilerin pazarlama etkinliğini geliştirmek için kullanılan pazarlama stratejilerine yönelik bazı öneriler getirilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın ana materyalini, Isparta ilinin Senirkent ilçesindeki 88 elma üreticisinden anket yoluyla elde edilen veriler oluşturmaktadır. Pazarlama etkinliği, en genel anlamıyla, pazar çıktısının pazar girdisine oranı olarak tanımlanmakta olup, bu orandaki artış etkinlikte iyileşme olduğunu göstermektedir. Çalışmada elma üreticilerinin etkinliği belirlenirken, Acharya'nın modifiye edilmiş pazarlama etkinliği indeksi formülünden yararlanılmıştır. Pazarlama etkinliği indeksi katsayısının 1'den büyük olması üreticilerin pazarlamada etkin olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada pazarlama etkinliği indeksi 0.24 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Pazarlama etkinliği indeksinin 1'den küçük çıkması, elma üreticilerinin kullandığı pazarlama kanallarının etkin olmadığını ortaya koymaktadır. Diğer yandan, üreticilerin doğrudan pazarlama kanallarını kullanması durumunda pazarlama etkinliği indeksinin 3.72'ye yükseldiği görülmektedir. Elma üreticilerinin pazarlama etkinliğini artırması için doğrudan pazarlama seçeneklerini de tercih etmelerini sağlamak önemli görülmektedir.