A synthesis gas (syngas) with a composition corresponding to that of a biomass gasifier has been reformed over Rh-containing monolith catalysts in the absence and presence of typical undesired species in the syngas. When toluene, a typical light tar component, was added, there was some loss of conversion, probably due to competitive adsorption and reaction with toluene, although dealkylation of toluene can not be ruled out. Significant deactivation due to the tar was not detected. Potassium components impregnated onto the catalyst (KNO 3 and KCl) in low concentrations gave slight enhancement of the reforming rates, but at higher concentrations there was severe deactivation.
A novel apparatus for cracking experiments based on very rapid induction heating is described. Oil and catalyst is deposited in a thin film on a metal strip made from a Curie-point alloy and heated rapidly by induction in an induction furnace. The setup offers several advantages, such as rapid heating and quenching, precise control of reaction times and temperatures, and minimization of heat and mass transfer effects. The apparatus is used in a study of the catalytic activity of calcium-modified chabazite for heavy oil cracking. The catalyst was also tested in a conventional setup in cracking of hexadecane to verify its catalytic activity. A clear catalytic effect can be seen for the hexadecane cracking, but the effect is absent for thin film cracking of the vacuum residue.KEY WORDS: vacuum residue cracking; Athabasca bitumen in thin film.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.