Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. One way to decrease the burden of this cancer is early detection through mammography. This study compared the effectiveness of two different educational methods for teachers' uptake of mammography based on the Health Belief Model. Materials and Methods: The current study was a randomised trial of 120 teachers over 40 years old in two groups receiving multimedia or group education, both based on the Health Belief Model. Participants completed questionnaires before, immediately and three months after educational intervention. Mammography was evaluated before and after educational intervention. Results: The participants in the two groups were demographically similar. Comparison showed no difference noted in the scores of knowledge, perceived barriers, susceptibility, and severity constructs between two groups (p > 0.05). Health motivation and benefit were perceived to be higher in the group education compared to the multimedia group. There was a significant difference in mammography between two groups after the intervention (p= 0.003). Conclusions: Planning and implementation of educational program based on the Health Belief Model can raise knowledge and increase participation in mammography especially with group education.

Waste management and promotion of source separation by the public requires identification of the determinants of waste separation behavior, raising awareness, and reinforcing such behaviors. The present study aimed to determine the status of source separation behavior and identify the barriers, benefits, and factors affecting this behavior in Iran. This is a descriptive-analytic cross-sectional study conducted on 300 women selected through stratified sampling. The questionnaire applied included three sections. The validity and reliability of the self-made questionnaire were confirmed. In this study, descriptive statistics including the percentage, frequency, mean and standard deviation were used to describe the data, while chi-square and Fisher exact tests were applied to analyze the data. Logistic regression test was also used to determine the predictors of waste separation behavior. Only 17.7% of the respondents separated the wastes regularly. The age, level of education, benefits (OR = 6.746; 95% CI = 2.534-17.959), structural barriers (OR = 12.734; 95% CI = 3.516-46.119), motivation (OR = 9.613; 95% C I= 3.356-27.536), awareness (OR = 3.917; 95% CI = 3.351-11.356), and social norms (OR = 2.905; 95% CI = 1. 030-8.191) were the determinants of source separation behavior. Considering the low participation rate in waste separation, efforts required to enhance such behavior need proper policy-making, training programs, and infrastructure to encourage the individuals to participate actively in waste separation. Educational interventions and campaigns are recommended to be designed to raise awareness and empower people.

Background One of the main occupational hazards for seafarers is the long exposure to sunlight. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of a mobile phone-based text message intervention in adopting skin cancer preventive behaviors among a sample of seafarers in Genaveh port located in Bushehr province, Iran. Methods In this randomized controlled trial, 136 seafarers were randomly selected and assigned to the intervention (n = 68) or a control groups (n = 68). As a theoretical basis, we followed the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) variables to develop the text messages. The data related to PMT variables and skin cancer preventive behaviors were collected through a questionnaire. Forty-five text messages were designed, pre-tested and sent to the seafarers’ phones in the intervention group in 45 days. Both groups were followed up 1 month after the intervention. Data collected in the two stages were analyzed using paired-samples t-test, ANCOVA, and Chi-square tests. Results Following the intervention, the mean scores of adopting skin cancer preventive behaviors (p = 0.001), perceived self-efficacy (p = 0.01), protection motivation (p = 0.02), and fear (p = 0.001) were significantly higher in the intervention group than the control group. There was significant reduction in the response costs (p = 0.05) and perceived rewards (p = 0.01) scores in the intervention group compared with the control group after the intervention. However, there were no significant differences in the perceived vulnerability (p = 0.14), perceived severity (p = 0.09), and response efficacy (p = 0.64) between the two groups after the intervention. Conclusions The results of the study indicated the effectiveness of mobile phone-based text message intervention for increasing skin cancer preventive behaviors in Iranian seafarers. Trial registration Iranian Registry for Clinical Trial (the link to trial: https://www.irct.ir/trial/7572). Registered 16 July, 2016. Prospectively registered.

Background: Given the long exposure of seafarers to sunlight and the necessity of recognising determinants of sun-protective practices along with developing educational efforts for the prevention of skin cancer, this study was designed to determine the psychological predictors of sun-protective practices among Iranian seafarers based on protection motivation theory (PMT) variables. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, 300 seafarers who worked on Ports and Maritime Organisation of Bushehr Port, Iran were selected. PMT and demographic variables were assessed through a 63-item questionnaire. Multiple linear regression (forward method) was used to determine the predictors of adopting sun-protective practices based on PMT variables. Results: About 11.7% of the participants always wore a hat with a wide brim of more than 7.5 cm width, 20% wore sunglasses while outside under the sun and 12.7% gloves. Only 13.7% regularly had their skin checked by a doctor. Behavioural intention, perceived severity, response efficacy and response costs explained 41% of the variance of adopting sun-protective practices among the seafarers (R 2 = 0.41, F = 11.89, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The finding explores factors affecting sun protective behaviours among Iranian seafarers. Seafarers with a high level of perceived severity, more response efficacy, more intention for performing behaviour, and fewer response costs were most likely to be regularly engaged in sun protective behaviours.

Background and objective: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. One of the ways to decrease the death due to breast cancer is early detection through mammography. This study considered the impact of education based on Health Belief Model (HBM) on teachers using mammography in Bushehr. Materials and methods: The current study was a random clinical trial which included of 120 teachers over 40 years old. The teachers were randomly divided in two groups. The teachers of intervention group received two sessions education based on HBM. Both groups fill out the Champion Questionnaire before, immediately and three months after education. Mammography performance considered before and three months after study in two groups. Results: The comparison of mean scores of constructs between two groups showed significant difference in knowledge, perceived benefits, perceived barriers and health motivation (p< 0.05), but there was no significant difference in perceived susceptibility and severity (p> 0.05). Mammography performance increased significantly in the intervention group (p<0.001). Conclu sion: Group education with limited sessions had desirable effect in increasing knowledge of teachers about breast cancer and mammography performance. So, it is recommended to design and perform the group education programs based on HBM for women from different groups. Paper Type: Research Article.