Background and Objective: Contraception is widely used throughout the world, with 62% of reproductive-aged women. This trial was established to assess the effect of prolonged use of hormonal contraception (HC) on ovarian reserve. Methods: This retrospective randomized controlled trial was performed on 150 healthy females aged (20-35) years with normal menstrual history had at least one offspring after spontaneous pregnancy. Participants were subdivided into equal three groups: first group (study group): used the injectable progesterone for more than four years continuously, second group (study group): used combined oral contraceptive (COC) for more than four years continuously, control group: didn’t use HC (as intrauterine device, natural and non-users of any contraception). Results: Ovarian volume (OV) and antral follicle count (AFC) were significantly decreased in COC group than control group. There was a significant negative correlation between body mass index and OV was found. There was an insignificant correlation between age, gravidity, parity, BMI, usage duration and both AFC, AMH among group 3 controls. Conclusion: The prolonged use of HC in COC group had a significant negative effect on volume of ovary and AFC with no effect on AMH. A significant negative correlation between age and AMH was found among COC users.
Background: As gestational age grows, the risk of newborn respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) diminishes because the lungs are the last foetal organs to properly mature. While neonatal RDS does not just occur following preterm births, it is often thought of as a disorder of premature babies. This study sought to determine how prenatal lung capacity and foetal Pulmonary artery resistance index (PARI) affected the probability that newborn RDS would occur. Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out on 200 pregnant women aged 20-35 years, with gestational age between 36-40 weeks and singleton pregnancy. According to neonatal outcome the patients were classified into two groups: group A: 26 cases with noenatal RDS and group B: 174 cases without neonatal RDS. All patients were subjected to 2D ultrasonography and 3D ultrasonography. Results: Fetal lung volume (FLV) is a significant predictor of neonatal RDS (AUC: 0.820, p <0.001), at a cut off value of ≤35, with 88.5% sensitivity and 68.4% specificity. PARI is not a significant predictor of neonatal RDS. 1 and 5 min Apgar score were significantly lower in neonates who developed RDS and those who didn’t (p<0.001). Conclusions: 3D FLV and estimated fetal weight measurement using ultrasonography may be a reliable non-invasive indicator of the incidence of newborn RDS in preterm pregnancies when the risk of RDS progression is present. FLV is a significant predictor for neonatal RDS at a cutoff for ≤35 cm3 with sensitivity 88.5% and specificity 68.4%.
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