Schwannoma is a benign tumour originating from Schwann cells in the peripheral nerve sheath. Schwannoma can occur in the head and neck area but rarely occurs in nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. No race or gender predilection. Often occurred at 6-78 years with highest incidence in 2nd and 4th decade

Background: Endoscopic surgery techniques had been advancing in this last two decades. Transsphenoidal approach endoscopic surgery to the skull base provides better visualization of the operation field compared to microscopic surgery, and also brought lower morbidity than other techniques. Purpose: To report a transsphenoidal endoscopic skull base surgery for craniopharyngioma resection. Case Report: A case of craniopharyngioma in a 47-year-old man. The tumor resection was performed with transsphenoidal endoscopic approach, in collaboration with a neurosurgeon. Clinical Question: Is transsphenoidal endoscopic skull base surgery approach, the appropriate surgical procedure for craniopharyngioma management? Review Method: Evidence based literature study of skull base surgery with transsphenoidal endoscopic approach in craniopharyngioma through database Cochrane library, Pubmed Medline, and hand searching. Result: Skull base surgery with transsphenoidal endoscopic approach was minimally invasive with maximally invasion compared to transcranial surgery, and  also provided better view, and could reduce complication rate. Conclusion: Skull base surgery with transsphenoidal endoscopic approach offers more advantage in skull base lesion management compared to other techniques. Collaboration between neurosurgeon and otorhinolaryngologist using this technique could reduce complication and morbidity rate.  ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Teknik operasi endoskopi mengalami perkembangan pesat dalam dua dekade terakhir. Bedah basis kranii dengan pendekatan endoskopi transfenoid memberikan kualitas visualisasi lapang pandang operasi lebih baik dibanding menggunakan mikroskop, dan juga mengakibatkan morbiditas lebih rendah dibanding teknik lainnya. Tujuan: Melaporkan keberhasilan bedah basis kranii dengan pendekatan endoskopi transfenoid pada kraniofaringioma. Laporan kasus: Seorang laki-laki 47 tahun dengan diagnosis kraniofaringioma yang dilakukan tindakan reseksi tumor dengan pendekatan endoskopi transfenoid berkolaborasi dengan ahli bedah saraf. Pertanyaan Klinis: Apakah bedah basis kranii dengan pendekatan endoskopi transfenoid merupakan teknik operasi yang tepat untuk tatalaksana kraniofaringioma? Telaah literatur: Telaah literatur berbasis bukti mengenai bedah basis kranii dengan pendekatan endoskopi transfenoid pada kraniofaringioma melalui database Cochrane library, Pubmed Medline, dan pencarian manual. Hasil: Bedah basis kranii dengan pendekatan endoskopi transfenoid memberikan akses minimal dengan invasi maksimal, visualisasi lebih baik, dan dapat menurunkan angka komplikasi. Kesimpulan: Bedah basis kranii dengan pendekatan endoskopi transfenoid merupakan teknik operasi lesi basis kranii yang lebih unggul dibandingkan teknik lainnya. Kolaborasi antara ahli bedah saraf dan THT dapat mengurangi angka komplikasi dan morbiditas tindakan ini.

Background: Foreign bodies ingestion in children is very common, and most events occur inchildren between 6 months and 3 years. Alive fish foreign body is a rare case that could lead intoupper airway obstruction. The diagnosis was based on history, clinical and examinations. Purpose: Toreport a case and the management of an alive fish as foreign body in orohypopharynx. Case report: A5 years old boy was brought with alive fish as foreign body in the orohypopharynx. The managementwas foreign body extraction and followed by a rigid esophagoscopy procedure. Clinical question:What is the management of a fish as foreign body in orohypopharynx? Method: Evidence basedliterature study of foreign body fish in orohypopharynx. Result: Management of foreign body a fish inorohypophariynx by extraction and rigid esophagoscopy gave a good result. Conclusion: Precisediagnosis and treatment could prevent any complications caused by foreign body a fish inorohypopharynx. It is important to secure the airway, making sure there is no part of the foreign bodyleft and evaluating the esophagus mucosa. If there is any sign of mucosa injury, nasogastric tube isapplied until the injury heals.ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Tertelan benda asing pada anak sangat umum, sering terjadi, dan palingbanyak terjadi pada usia 6 bulan hingga 3 tahun. Benda asing ikan hidup merupakan kasus yangjarang dan dapat menyebabkan sumbatan jalan nafas atas. Diagnosis berdasarkan anamnesis,pemeriksaan fisik dan radiologi. Tujuan: Melaporkan sebuah kasus tatalaksana benda asing ikanhidup pada orohipofaring. Laporan kasus: Dilaporkan satu kasus seorang anak laki-laki berusia 5tahun dengan benda asing ikan hidup di orohipofaring. Tatalaksana pada kasus ini ialah ekstraksibenda asing dan esofagoskopi kaku. Pertanyaan klinis: Bagaimana tatalaksana kasus benda asingikan di orohipofaring? Metode: Berbasis bukti mengenai benda asing ikan di orohipofaring melaluidatabase Cochrane library, Pubmed Medline, dan pencarian manual. Hasil: Tatalaksana benda asingikan di orohipofaring dengan ekstraksi benda asing dan esofagoskopi kaku memberikan hasil yangbaik. Kesimpulan: Diagnosis dan tatalaksana yang tepat dapat menghindari terjadinya komplikasipada kasus benda asing ikan di orohipofaring. Penting untuk menjaga patensi jalan nafas,memastikan tidak ada bagian dari benda asing yang tertinggal serta mengevaluasi mukosa esofagus.Jika terdapat trauma pada mukosa, pemasangan nasogastric tube dapat dilakukan hingga terjadipenyembuhan luka.

Background: Lingual tonsil hypertrophy (LTH) evaluation could be performed by flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy, lateral soft tissue cervical roentgen, CT scan, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Lateral soft tissue cervical roentgen examination was considered as substitutes for diagnostic testing of LTH, which, aside from being cheaper, the examination could also be conducted in all hospitals and easy to be performed on children. Objective: To compare the lingual tonsil enlargement with examination procedure using lateral soft tissue cervical roentgen as an LTH diagnosis measure compared to the flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy examination as the gold standard examination. Methods: A cross-sectional design study on 30 respondents of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) patients whose conducted routine ENT physical examination, followed by flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy examination along with lateral soft tissue cervical roentgen. Results: The sensitivity level of 65.38% was acquired from the statistical tests, along with specificity level of 100%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 100%, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 30.37%. Conclusions: Based on sensitivity and specificity, lateral soft tissue cervical roentgen examination could already be used as a diagnostic measure and have an accurate capability to diagnose LTH.