Aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of different batterer intervention programs in reducing violence for male IPV perpetrators. The Cochrane Handbook for Systemic Reviews of Interventions guidelines for the process of conducting systematic reviews and meta-analysis were followed. Pooled together, overall these various intervention programs are effective in reducing violence for male perpetrators of IPV comparing post to pre-intervention [(pooled estimate = -0.85; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) (-1.02 to -0.69)]. Exploratory subgroup analysis revealed that incorporating substance abuse or trauma components to the interventions yielded better results (substance abuse: CI = -3.20 to -1.08 and trauma: CI = -2.63 to -0.30) as compared to programs that did not have these components. Gender-role based batterer intervention programs yielded mixed results. Analysis of the three controlled studies with 223 participants comparing batterer programs to a minimal control group showed mixed effects. In conclusion, treatment strategies that are addressing highly comorbid issues such as substance abuse and trauma issues may work more effectively in preventing violence.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is an important problem that has significant detrimental effects on the wellbeing of female victims. The chronic physical and psychological effects of intimate partner violence (IPV) are complex, long-lasting, chronic, and require treatments focusing on improving mental health issues, safety, and support. Various psycho-social intervention programs are being implemented to improve survivor wellbeing. However, little is known about the effectiveness of different treatments on IPV survivors' wellbeing. For this purpose, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effectiveness of interventions on improving outcomes that describe the wellbeing of adult female survivors of IPV. We searched PubMed, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library. We explored the effectiveness of available interventions on multiple outcomes that are critical for the wellbeing of adult female victims of IPV. To provide a broad and comprehensive view of survivors' wellbeing, we considered outcomes including mental health, physical health, diminishing further violence, social support, safety, self-efficacy, and quality of life. We reviewed 2,770 citations. Among these 25 randomized-controlled-study with a total of 4,683 participants met inclusion criteria. Findings of meta-analyses on interventions indicated promising results in improving anxiety [standardized mean difference (SMD) −7.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) −8.39 to −5.92], depression (SMD −0.26, CI −0.56 to −0.05), safety (SMD = 0.43, CI 0.4 to −0.83), violence prevention (SMD = −0.92, CI −1.66 to −0.17), health (SMD = 0.39, CI 0.12 to 0.66), self-esteem (SMD = 1.33, CI −0.73 to 3.39), social support (SMD =0.40, CI 0.20 to 0.61), and stress management (SMD = −8.94, CI −10.48 to −7.40) at the post-test. We found that empowerment plays a vital role, especially when treating depression and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), which are difficult to improve across interventions. We found mixed findings on self-efficacy and quality of life. The effects of IPV are long-lasting and require treatments targeting co-morbid issues including improving safety and mental health issues.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common, complex endocrine, and metabolic disorder. Inflammation has been thought to play an important role in PCOS pathogenesis in recent years, and various inflammatory markers have been investigated; however, no definite conclusion has been reached. As a multifunctional regulatory protein in different inflammatory processes, calprotectin may play a role in the etiology of PCOS. Therefore, based on this hypothesis, we aimed to determine serum calprotectin concentrations in women with PCOS and to compare them with healthy controls. This cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary referral center during the study period. Forty-three women (n = 43) with PCOS and 47 women (n = 47) in the control group were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Serum calprotectin concentrations were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and compared with markers of glucose and lipid metabolism. Clinical characteristics and hormonal parameters were evaluated in both groups. Levels of serum calprotectin were measured as 347 ± 28.8 and 188 ± 15.3 ng/mL in the PCOS and healthy control groups, respectively ( P = .009). The mean homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance [ 1 ] index and total testosterone levels were significantly higher in the PCOS group than in the control group (both P < .001). Spearman’s correlation test demonstrated linear correlations between calprotectin and C-reactive protein, waist circumference, insulin resistance index, and total testosterone levels in the PCOS group (all P < .05). Serum calprotectin levels were higher in women with PCOS. This biomarker may be an indirect sign of insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism, or chronic inflammation in women with PCOS.