A. xylosoxidans has the potential to cause serious infections in premature babies. More studies are needed to determine the importance of different sources of infection in hospital units.

Very low birth weight preterm infants are under significant risk of neurologic, developmental, and somatic problems. In this study, 90 infants born with a birth weight <1500 g and/or with a gestational age <32 weeks were evaluated after the first year of elementary school to assess neurodevelopment. The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) test, Pediatric Symptom Checklist, and Parent Evaluation of Developmental Status were performed. Mental retardation, cerebral palsy, blindness, epilepsy, and posthemorrhagic hydrocephaly incidences were 14%, 7%, 2%, 5%, and 2%, respectively. The WISC-R score of 32 patients (35.5%) were below 85. Perinatal asphyxia, abnormal neurologic examination, and delayed or impaired speech correlated significantly with low WISC-R scores. Education and income of the father had positive impact on WISC-R scores (P = .042 and P = .026). Parents' concern and presence of cognitive problems were correlated (P = .026). Environmental factors, as well as the prevention of morbidity, affected school performance positively.

Introduction: We aimed to determine the incidence, etiology, risk factors and outcome of bacterial meningitis in neonates. Methodology: Neonates who developed bacterial meningitis between 2003 and 2010 in a tertiary hospital in Turkey were included in the study. Patients born in our hospital were defined as Group 1 and patients referred from other centres were defined as Group 2. Patients with evidence of congenital infections or central nervous system malformations were excluded. Demographic features, delivery type, time of onset of meningitis, co-morbidities, clinical features, blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, cranial sonographic findings, and outcome of patients were recorded. Results: The study comprised 325 meningitis cases identified from 38,023 hospitalised patients in the neonatology unit among 11,8091 live births. Mean gestational age, birth weight, and hospital stay were 36.8±3.7 weeks, 2.480±924 g, and 26±12.4 days, respectively. Almost half (48%) of the patients were diagnosed in the first seven postnatal days and 52% at 8-30 days after birth. CSF culture findings were positive in 59 (18%) patients (28 in Group 1 and 31 in Group 2). Gram-positive bacteria were the responsible agents in 30 (51%) patients, whereas 26 (44%) patients had Gram-negative bacterial meningitis and 3 (5%) had Candida meningitis. Gram-negative bacteria were predominant in Group 1 whereas Gram positive bacteria were predominant in Group 2. Transfontanel ultrasonography revealed pathologic findings in 17.5% of patients. The total mortality rate was 2.5%. Conclusion: This large-scale study provides essential information about the etiology, characteristics, and outcome of neonatal bacterial meningitis in Turkey.

Background Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is an autoinflammatory disease characterized by recurrent episodes of fever and serositis. Sacroiliitis can be observed in some FMF patients. This study aimed to compare the demographic, clinical, and laboratory findings, and treatment in children with FMF and sacroiliitis, and children with juvenile spondyloarthropathy (JSpA). Methods In total, 1687 pediatric FMF patients that were followed-up between May 2010 and June 2020 were evaluated retrospectively. Among them, those with sacroiliitis (n = 63) were included in the study and compared to patients with JSpA (n = 102). Results The study included 63 FMF patients with sacroiliitis (38 males [60.3%] and 25 females [39.7%]) with a mean age of 15.2 ± 4.1 years. Mean age at symptom onset was 7.2 ± 5.05 years and mean age at diagnosis was 9.74 ± 4.67 years. The most common mutation in the FMF patients was M694V/M694V (n = 22). Patients were diagnosed with sacroiliitis with a mean of 12 months (range: 6–36 months) after the diagnosis of FMF. Among the FMF patients, 28 (44.4%) had enthesitis, 23 (36.5%) had heel pain, and 11 (17.4%) had low back pain. The study also included 102 JSpA patients (90 males [88.2%] and 12 females [11.8%]). Mean age of patients with JSpA was 16.1 ± 2.8 years. As compared to 102 JSpA patients, patients with FMF and sacroiliitis had higher acute phase reactants, whereas HLA-B27 positivity rate was lower. In addition, axial involvement rate was higher in the JSpA patients. Conclusion Sacroiliitis is a common co-morbidity in FMF patients. The phenotypic features of these patients are different from patients with JSpA.

Carbon monoxide (CO) intoxication has serious adverse effects to the mother and fetus and a result of intrauterine hypoxia, it leads to fetal death or severe neurological sequelae. In this article, a preterm infant who was acutely exposed to CO at the 33rd weeks of gestation before delivery was presented. The baby was delivered by emergent cesarean section at the 34th weeks of gestation due to findings of fetal distress and he had severe hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy leading to death. Results and treatment modalities of CO poisoning during pregnancy were reviewed.