Purpose of reviewThis review summarizes the key developments with regard to FDA-approved endoscopic bariatric metabolic therapies (EBMTs) in the last 2 years.Recent findingsThe prevalence of obesity has increased during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and obesity worsens COVID-19 related outcomes. Several studies have confirmed the safety and short-term efficacy of intragastric balloons (IGBs). In the short-term IGBs may improve steatosis and fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and improve quality of life and mental health. Unfortunately weight loss from these temporarily placed devices is not sustained long-term. Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty (ESG) may be more effective and durable than IGBs, and result in fewer adverse events compared to bariatric surgery. The recently completed MERIT trial may catapult ESG as a first-line EBMT. Aspiration therapy meets safety and effectiveness thresholds for incorporation into routine practice, but overall acceptance has been lower than other FDA-approved EBMTs.SummaryThe field of endobariatrics is rapidly maturing. Significant knowledge gaps remain with regards to combining EBMTs with pharmacologic therapy to improve durability of weight loss. The rapid expansion in the literature supporting safety and long-term efficacy ESG may prompt revision of existing guidelines.
Introduction: The bony pelvis consists of the two hip bones, the sacrum and the coccyx. The bony pelvis is divided into the greater pelvis and the lesser pelvis. The junction between the greater and the lesser pelvis is the pelvic inlet. The transverse and anteroposterior dimensions of the pelvic inlet will classify the pelvis as the anthropoid, gynaecoid, android, and platypelloid pelvis. Knowledge of female pelvis type is important for obstetricians to know the process of labour which can decrease the morbidity and mortality of mothers and neonates. Thus, the aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of gynaecoid pelvis among female patients attending the Department of Radiology of a tertiary care centre. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Radiology of a tertiary care centre from 24 July 2022 to 15 November 2022 after approval from the Institutional review committee (Reference number: 11/022). The study included radiographs of the female pelvis without any bony pathology and developmental anomalies. Anteroposterior and transverse dimensions of the pelvic inlet were measured using a digital ruler in a computer. A convenience sampling method was done. Point estimate and 95% confidence interval were calculated. Results: Among total female patients, the gynaecoid pelvis was found in 28 (46.66%) (34.04-59.28, 95% Confidence Interval). Mean anteroposterior and transverse diameters for the gynaecoid pelvis were observed to be 12.85±1.0 cm and 13.66±1.07 cm respectively. Conclusions: The prevalence of gynaecoid pelvis was similar to the other similar studies conducted in similar settings.
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