The objective of this paper is to evaluate the effect of mode of delivery on postpartum sexual functioning in primiparous women. A total of 248 primiparous women were recruited into this study. One hundred fifty-six delivered spontaneously with mediolateral episiotomy and 92 had elective cesarean section. Sexual function was evaluated by the Female Sexual Function Index, a validated questionnaire separately evaluating desire, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, and pain. Subjects were questioned relating their pre-pregnancy experiences during the first antenatal visit when the pregnancy was not more than six gestational weeks. The test was repeated 6 months postpartum. Statistical evaluation was carried out by SPSS for Windows v.11. In the vaginal delivery with mediolateral episiotomy group, there were significant decreases in the scores 6 months after delivery when compared to scores before pregnancy (p<0.001). In the cesarean section group, no difference was observed between pre-pregnancy and postpartum scores (p>0.05). When the two groups were compared, there was a significant difference between 6 months postpartum scores (p<0.001). Not only pain, but also other important aspects of sexual function, such as arousal, lubrication, orgasm, and satisfaction are affected by performing mediolateral episiotomy during vaginal delivery, well beyond the puerperal period. Concerning its effects on postpartum sexual functioning, a policy of restricting mediolateral episiotomy use should be adopted.

Oral, intranasal and transdermal gel delivery modes of ET have beneficial effects on serum lipids, as shown by decreased t-Chol and LDL-Chol, and increased HDL-Chol levels in surgically menopausal women. The oral form should be used with care in women with hypertriglyceridemia and with increased VLDL-Chol levels. However, the oral route seems to be more effective in decreasing LDL-Chol levels than the percutaneous gel form.

Background: The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of HPV diagnosis on the sexual function and anxiety levels of Turkish women. Methods: A total of 274 female patients who tested positive with HPV were included in the study and categorized into four groups: Group 1 (HPV 16/18 with normal cytology), Group 2 (HPV 16/18 with abnormal cytology), Group 3 (other high-strain HPV with normal cytology), and Group 4 (other high-strain HPV with abnormal cytology). All patients filled out the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) at the time when they tested positive for HPV and during the two-month and six-month follow-ups. Results: Significant increases were observed in BAI scores in all four groups, whereas significant decreases were observed in total FSFI scores in Groups 1 and 2 only(p < 0.05). BAI scores of Groups 1 and 2 were significantly higher than those of Groups 3 and 4 (p < 0.05). FSFI scores of Groups 1 and 2 measured during the sixth-month follow-up were significantly decreased (p = 0.004 and p < 0.001, respectively). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that patients with HPV 16 and 18 positivity and abnormal cytological findings are more likely to have high anxiety and sexual dysfunction.

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Aim: Human Papillomavirus is a sexually transmitted virus with over two hundred subtypes. It can cause anogenital condyloma, cervical dysplasia, and cervical cancer. Human Papillomavirus types 6 and 11 are responsible for anogenital condylomas. The effect of condylomas on female sexual life and psychological state is investigated in our study. Material and Method: Seventy-six vulvar condyloma patients and 80 participants as the control group were included in the study after excluding the subjects not meeting the inclusion criteria. After an initial evaluation, condylomas excised using carbon dioxide laser followed by a medical assessment in the 3rd post-excisional month. Female sexual function index and Beck depression inventory scales were used on a group of healthy patients with anogenital condyloma at 0-3 months. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in the FSFI scores at 0 and 3 months between the case and control groups (p<0,001). Although no statistically significant difference was found, a trend of improvement in the Female sexual function index scores of cases from 0 to 3 months was observed (p=0.194). A statistically significant difference was found in the Beck depression inventory scores of cases from 0 to 3 months (p=0.002). Conclusion:Anogenital condylomas cause negative effects on female psychology and sexuality, and excisional intervention seems to have a beneficial effect on psychology and sexual functions.