Hemp, also known as cannabis sativa, has long been one of the most important agricultural cropsan essential food for humans and animals since the Neolithic period. It is also one of the mostdurable raw materials used in both traditional crafts and many newer industries, such as the marine, clothing, automotive, and architectural industries. However, despite its beneficial health properties and use in making durable products, hemp has been banned in many developed countries largely because it has been labeled an illegal plant due to its psychoactive properties. After the 1980s, industrially cultivated hemp in the form of hempcrete, hemp brick or low or high technology cast in situ wall systems gained recognition in architecture. Since the industry 4.0 industrial revolution in the 2000s, the use of hemp has become increasingly important in medicine and nutrition and in industries such as paper, plastics, architecture and construction. Hemp has been illegal for many years in Turkey. However, in Turkish history, using cannabis, hemp and hashish for food, pleasure, socializing, clothing, rope, paper and mortar has been an accepted sociocultural phenomenon. Therefore, this article seeks to evaluate the possibility of using hemp in architecture by addressing its use in architecture, specifically in Turkey. Design/Methodology/ApproachThis research uses a literature review to explore both the history of hemp in Turkey and its construction applications. FindingsThe results showed that given enough support, the use of such materials could create beneficial effects for the architecture, construction and education sectors in Turkey. Research Limitations/ImplicationsIn the future, a research with funding and permissions could be conducted to observe of the physical and chemical characteristics of hemp and hemp-based materials, which is lacking in this study. Social/Practical ImplicationsRecognizing the benefits of hemp could have positive effects on the economy, health, agriculture and architecture of communities in Turkey. Hemp can replace petroleum-based materials while having the advantages of being cost effective, providing a variety of production possibilities, and needing less water for cultivation. Originality/ValueThis is the first study to address the potential use of industrial hemp in Turkey from an architecture and design perspective.

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Today, in line with nature's integrated habitats and environments, the scope of biophilic architecture emerges as an essential issue for society wellbeing. When evaluating the possibilities of enhancing access to healthy food, the necessity of including every scale of living—from the smallest individual living space to collective living areas—should be discussed. In this study, cyber-gardening practices are evaluated from critical perspectives in terms of dystopia. Cyber-gardening, systems of self-organization, and self-sufficiency concepts are crucial to envisaging a sustainable city, food, and agriculture ecosystem. Biology, architecture, and urban design-oriented approaches have emerged in the works of design groups such as EcoLogic Studio. Emerging as a kind of bio-architectural hybrid, these new physical and digital interactive garden prototypes create augmented biospheres. In these new urban-food-agriculture scenarios composed of designed virtual interfaces, visitors are transformed into urban cyber-gardeners.

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In the circular economy, bio-based plastics or bioplastics as emerging innovative materials are increasingly being used in many industries from packaging to building materials and agricultural products to electronic and biomedical devices, there is an increasing research on the evaluation of bioplastics in architecture, both as a material or as a design element in interior design. Therefore, this article is a step towards understanding the importance of bioplastic materials in the circular economies and in architecture, regarding the negative carbon footprint and long-term environmental effects of fossil-based plastics.