Solar water heating is a technology of capturing the energy from the sun's radiation for the purpose of raising the temperature of water from water supply temperature to the desired higher temperature depending on the use. There are many views and discussions on the questions of thermal efficiency of solar water heaters and their associated cost, especially different customers/users want to replace their existing conventional water heating energy by solar water heating systems. In this present paper, a deep investigation has been accomplished to determine thermal efficiency and cost analysis of solar water heater made in Rwanda. During manufacturing of solar water heater, the collector was the main part to emphasize on. The high efficiency of the system was achieved by replacing galvanized iron sheet by aluminum sheet slotted and black painted as an absorber plate. The ambient temperature and average solar radiation of the three sites where solar water heaters are installed were investigated. The used materials, specifications and sizing were discussed in this paper.
This paper made studies on the solar water pumping system in isolated area focusing on the case of Mibirizi village. The author made full interpretation of the construction of the solar pumping system and the general information of Rwanda, and then made full interpretation of the designing and calculating process of solar pumping system.
As the energy demand is increasing every day, the environmental pollution has been a main concern. To reduce environmental pollution while satisfying the energy demand, renewable energy is a good solution and attracted many researchers not only to produce clean energy but also to find sustainable energy solution. Among renewable energy, geothermal energy is one of promising renewable sources and is recently given a high consideration. The tectonic position of Rwanda and volcanism show that Rwanda may have promising geothermal resources. One of the evidences is the hot springs originated from tectonic. Gisenyi hot spring is located in Northern Province nearest to the Kivu Lac on the base of volcanoes with surface water temperature of 71°C. In this paper, the conceptual and numerical models were made on Gisenyi hot spring based on geological, geochemical, hydrochemistry and geophysical data to estimate the temperature profile of the spring. This paper assesses the reservoir temperature of Gisenyi hot spring by using various geothermometers along with existing data and information using MATLAB software. The electrical power potential using Organic Rankine Cycle and Carbon dioxide as a working fluid have been assessed together with the optimum depth by considering the dominant mode of heat transfer.
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