Although the tendency that the population migrate from rural to urban areas is typical world wide, the globalised economy creates new circumstances and opportunities for rural areas as well. The 'new rural economy' therefore needs new infrastructure to support it. The authors of the paper have a common interest in how enterprise hubs could help the development of entrepreneurship in the 21 st century from two different directions, from physical and from social aspects. Building on the experience gained along enterprise hubs in cities, the hypothesis behind the study is, that creating enterprise hubs from existing buildings in rural settlements could help the development of rural entrepreneurship. To examine the hypothesis two case studies following a period of two years (enterprise hub development in Debrecen and Noszvaj) were carried out. In line with other studies in this field, result shows that even well-designed physical spaces are not enough for change, and initiators, hosts or facilitators are needed, as they play an important role in focusing on the real interaction network and enabling more synergies to happen.Key words: co-working, innovation, entrepreneurship, rural enterprise hub, rural development Absztrakt: Vidéki vállalkozói hubok a vállalkozói lét és az innováció támogatásáért -esettanulmányok Magyarországról. Bár az a tendencia, hogy a lakosság vidékről a városba vándorol világszerte megfigyelhető, a globalizált gazdaság új körülményeket, új lehetőségeket is teremt a vidék számára. Ezért az "új vidékgazdaságnak" új, ezt a folyamatot támogató, infrastruktúrára van szüksége. A tanulmány szerzőinek azonos érdeklődése annak a vizsgálata, hogy a vállalkozói hubok, hogyan segíthetik a vállalkozói szellem fejlesztését a 21. században, két különböző, fizikális és szociális szempontból. A városi, vállalkozói hubok területén szerzett ismeretekre építve a tanulmányban megfogalmazott hipotézis, hogy a vidéki területen meglévő épületek vállalkozói hub-bá történő alakítása, segítheti a vidéki vállalkozói lét fejlesztését. A hipotézis vizsgálatához két darab, két évet átölelő esettanulmány (vállalkozói hub fejlesztése Debrecenben és Noszvajon) elemzése történt meg. Összhangban más kutatásokkal ezen a területen, az eredmény azt mutatja, hogy a jól megtervezett fizikai terek sem elegendőek a változáshoz, szükség van kezdeményezőkre, házigazdákra, facilitátorokra, akik fontos szerepet játszanak abban, hogy a valódi kapcsolódásokra fókuszáljanak a hálózaton belül, lehetővé tegyék a magasabb szinergiát.
Previous studies have shown that indoor environmental quality (IEQ) parameters may have a considerable effect on office employees’ comfort, health and performance. Therefore, we initiated a research program to help occupants identify IEQ parameters they perceive as risk factors for their health in an office and enhance their comfort levels in an office environment. Since we assumed that office employees might have different indoor environmental quality expectations related to their work area and that these differences could be measured, our objective was to develop an office ‘comfort map’ based on occupants’ individual IEQ preferences. Thus, the goal of the comfort map would be to help tailor office spaces to their occupants’ health and comfort expectations. The comfort survey was developed to assess the comfort-related opinions of the occupants, based on IEQ parameters (visual comfort, acoustic comfort, air quality and thermal comfort) of a chosen open-plan office building. The survey also assessed the degree to which the given IEQ parameter was considered a health risk factor by occupants or caused a negative comfort sensation for them. The survey was filled in by 216 occupants. The answers were then analyzed with the help of a frequency table depicting relative frequency. The measurements of IEQ parameters took place in an open-plan office in the chosen office building (a Hungarian subsidiary’s office building belonging to an international company in Budapest). The occupants had different opinions regarding the perceived effects of the IEQ parameters on their health and comfort. Almost two-thirds of the respondents (64.8%) were dissatisfied with the adjustability of the noises and sounds IEQ parameter at their workstation. Furthermore, half of the respondents (50.1%) were dissatisfied with the adjustability of ventilation. Most of the occupants (45.8%) considered noises and sounds as the IEQ parameter that had a negative effect on their health. There were also IEQ differences between different areas of the office space. Based on these results, a comfort map was developed for the office. The comfort map contains information about the IEQ characteristics of each workstation by depicting the thermal comfort, carbon dioxide, visual comfort and acoustic comfort characteristics of a given workstation on a relative scale. Based on the thermal, air, acoustic, and lighting differences between the workstations, occupants can select their preferred workstations when a desk-sharing system works. Although still in its pilot phase, the comfort map could increase the chances for office employees to find the workstation best suited to their IEQ expectations. This could improve occupants’ overall comfort level, which could in turn enhance occupants’ productivity and mental as well as physical health.
At the time of its construction the housing estate József Attila (1956-1963) in Budapest was a sample project (installation, interior spaces, new structures and materials) which has been obsoleted in the last 50 years. After winning the architectural and urban competition using openminded architectural thinking that can make the housing estate a new role model againincreasing existing values and give new ones, the paper presents the principles of design which could be standard for neighborhoods of similar history.
This paper presents an empirical approach to design ideal workplaces using the PMV-PPD (predicted mean vote–predicted percentage dissatisfied) method set in ISO 7730 in terms of thermal comfort. The key concept behind our method is that the overall employee satisfaction might be improved if they can select the most suitable desk based on their personal comfort preferences. To support desk sharing, we designed a comfort map toolkit, which can visualize the distribution of comfort parameters within office spaces. The article describes the steps to create comfort maps with methods already widely used, as well as a new one developed by our research team, including the measurement procedures and the theoretical background required.
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