Objective:Preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) is closely related with maternal and fetal complications. Therefore, early diagnosis is extremely important to provide maternal and fetal well-being. Many inflammatory markers have been evaluated for their ability to diagnose membrane rupture at early stages. We aimed to investigate the relationship between the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and preterm premature membrane rupture.Material and Methods:In this study, 121 pregnant women with PPROM and 96 age-matched pregnant women with spontaneous preterm labor who were admitted to our hospital between January 2014 and December 2015 were enrolled. Demographic data, complete blood cell count results, and neonatal outcomes were recorded.Results:The neutrophil and platelet counts were higher in the PPROM group (9948.4±3393.2 vs. 7466.1±1698.5/mm3 and 244.5±60 vs. 210.6±64.8/mm3, respectively, p<0.001). The PLR and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios (NLR) were both significantly higher in the PPROM group (p<0.001). Correlation analysis revealed that the PLR was positively correlated with the NLR (r=0.10, p=0.031). The ability of the PLR to diagnose preterm premature rupture of membranes was evaluated using an ROC curve. The sensitivity and specificity of the PLR was 57.8% and 73.7%, respectively, at a threshold >117.14 (p<0.001).Conclusion:The PLR might be a cost effective, easy to use, and practical marker for the early diagnosis of PPROM, which can help to determine the appropriate waiting time for delivery and provide maternal and fetal well-being.

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ObjectivesOur aim was to evaluate the effect of standard surgical and N-95 respiratory mask use on maternal oxygen saturation, vital signs and result on non-stress tests in term pregnancies.MethodsIt is a prospective observational study. The study included healthy, not in labor, singleton pregnant women of 370/7–410/7 weeks who were applied to our hospital for routine obstetric control examination between March 1, 2020, and August 31, 2020. Patients were randomised by coin toss method. Oxygen saturation, systolic, and diastolic arterial blood pressure, pulse, respiratory rate, and temperature of pregnant women using surgical masks and respiratory masks were measured before and after the non-stress test. The tolerance of the masks was also evaluated. Student’s t-test was used for variables showing parametric distribution and the Mann Whitney U-test was used for non-parametric tests. The categorical variables between the groups was analyzed by using the Chi square test or Fisher Exact test. The statistical significance level was taken as p<0.05 in all tests.ResultsA total of 297 pregnant women using masks were included in the study. The effect of mask type on oxygen saturation before and after the non-stress test was found to be significant (97.1±1.8 corresponds to 95.3±2.6 for the surgical mask, p=0.0001; 97.8±1.7 corresponds to 93.7±2.0 for the respiratory mask, p=0.0001). Mask tolerance of patients using respiratory masks was significantly higher than those using surgical masks (mean 8, 1–10, p=0.0001).ConclusionsSurgical mask and respiratory mask usage decreased significantly in oxygen saturation in term pregnancies.

Presence of the ovary, fallopian tube, and uterus within an inguinal hernia is a rare condition. In this report, we describe the case of a 47-year-old female, multiparous patient with a giant omental lipoma (18 × 8 × 7 cm, 422 g) and left inguinal hernia. The uterus, left ovary, and fallopian tube were in the hernial sac. The presence of the uterus within the hernial sac accompanies mullerian anomalies, although, in this case, there was no such anomaly. To our knowledge, there have been no cases in the literature of a giant intraabdominal lipoma and a hernial sac containing the uterus, ovary, and fallopian tube, but a few cases of inguinal hernia involving the ovary, fallopian tube, and uterus have been reported. The aim of this case report was to call attention to the observation that the inguinal hernia seen in female patients may involve the ovary, fallopian tube, and uterus.

A foetal sublingual cystic lesion was diagnosed by routine prenatal ultrasonography at 27 weeks of gestation. Foetal growth and amniotic fluid volume were normal. An ex utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) procedure was performed, and the cyst was aspirated to allow breathing during planned Caesarean section. The cyst was totally excised when the newborn was 60 days old, and histopathological examination revealed a mucous cyst of the mouth floor.

Objectives To investigate whether fetal duodenal tract sections can be visualized in the prenatal ultrasonographic examination. Methods This study was designed in cross‐section. Healthy singleton pregnant women who applied to the perinatology outpatient clinic for second‐level ultrasound scanning between September 2020 and February 2021 were included in the study. Demographic information of the participants was obtained and an ultrasound scan was performed. The fetal duodenal tract was evaluated in three sections, including the pylorus. The fetal duodenal tract was differentiated from adjacent organs by its anatomical location, hyperechoic nature, and presence of fluid in the lumen. Results A total of 278 eligible participants between 18 and 22 weeks of gestation were evaluated. While the fetal pylorus was closed in 76.6% of the participants, it was open in 23.4%. Duodenum pars superior, pars descendens, and pars inferior imaging rates were 99.3%, 98.2%, and 95.7%, respectively. It was possible to distinguish these parts from neighboring organs by 99.6%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. While the first, second, and third parts of the duodenum were observed as solid in 42.0%, 58.2%, and 52.2%, respectively, 57.9%, 41.7%, and 47.7% had fluid in the lumen. Conclusion The fetal duodenal tract can be viewed with prenatal ultrasonography in pregnant women who are not in a dorsoanterior position. This may make an additional contribution to the diagnosis of duodenal obstructions, which is the most common cause of intestinal atresia in prenatal screening.

rectal examination. Colonoscopy revealed that the transverse arms and a part of the horizontal arm of the IUD had penetrated the rectum at 10 cm with protruding strings in the lumen (Figure 2). Retrieval of the IUD by pulling on the threads was attempted but unsuccessful, as the IUD was firmly adherent to the colon wall. Because pulling the strings vigorously to remove the IUD could have resulted in intestinal defects that may have required surgical repair, we decided to remove the IUD by applying traction force. A rubber band was fastened to the strings of the IUD and was stretched by pulling it thorough the anus where the free end of the rubber band was fixed to the buttocks with adhesive tape (Figure 3). The patient was called, and traction applied by the rubber band was checked every other day. On day 4 of the procedure, the IUD was expelled. The area in which the IUD had been embedded was clear.The present case report describes a rectal transmigration of an IUD and its endoscopic removal using a rubber band traction technique without the need for surgery. IUDs are among the most common reversible methods of contraception worldwide. Uterine perforation is the most serious complication associated with IUD insertion, with an estimated incidence of 0 to 10 perforations per 1,000 insertions. Perforations commonly occur at the time of insertion or shortly thereafter, but may also occur many years later. Although the exact mechanism of IUD transmigration accompanied by uterine perforation is not known, the most important risk factors are the skill of the operator; the features of the IUD; the size, shape, and configuration of the uterus; past operations; and timing of insertion after delivery. In the present case, uterine abnormalities were not detected, and there was no previous operation history (3-5).It should be noted that the majority of uterine perforations do not affect other organs; however, 15% of cases lead to complications in adjacent organs, specifically the intestine. Intestinal complications caused by IUD migration include obstruction, infarction, perforation, fistula formation, and mesenteric injury. Penetration of the intestine by an IUD occurs most commonly in the sigmoid colon (40.4%), followed by the small intestine (21.3%) and rectum (21.3%). Patients presenting with uterine perforation may experience pelvic pain, excessive bleeding, and fever; however, migration may be asymptomatic in approximately one-third of patients. The triad of symptoms most often experienced by women with intestinal injuries includes chronic abdominal pain, fever, and intermittent diarrhea. In the present case, however, the patient complained of feeling strings near her anus (6-8).The diagnosis of a transmigrated or dislocated IUD is made by clinical, radiological, and ultrasonographic examination. However, pregnancy should be ruled out before any diagnostic procedure. Other examinations, including hysterography, hysteroscopy, colonoscopy, and laparoscopy, should also be performed as needed. Despite the presence of an I...

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