Lithium-selenium (Li-Se) batteries are a promising energy storage system in electric vehicles due to their high capacity and good kinetics. However, the shuttle effect issue, caused by polyselenide dissolution from the Se cathode, has hampered the development of Li-Se batteries. Herein, we developed a facile preparation of porous carbon from a metal-organic framework (MOF) to confine Se (Se/CZIF) and protect the Se/CZIF composite with an alucone coating by molecular layer deposition (MLD). The optimal alucone coated Se/CZIF cathode prepared exhibits a one-step reversible charge/discharge process in the carbonate electrolytes. The inhibition of polyselenide dissolution is credited with the improved electrochemical performance, formation of thin and stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layers, and a reduction in charge transfer resistance, thus improving the overall performance of Li-Se batteries.

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Glyphosate removal from contaminated water by natural clay, natural zeolite, commercial kaolin, bentonite, and sepiolite was compared. Natural clay showed high removal efficiency next to purified kaolin. The adsorption data for natural clay better fitted the Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The adsorbent dose was found to be the most important process parameter while the pH did not exhibit any significant effect. An optimization study allowed achieving the highest removal efficiency and sorption capacity. The correlation coefficient R 2 of the regression model indicated that the observed results fitted well with the model prediction.

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