The religious symbols exposed in public buildings, such as schools, courtrooms, etc., in recent years animated the debate not only public but also jurisprudential. It turns out that, after centuries of attempts to “purify” states of religious influences, after years of attempts to “purify” public spaces of religious symbols, it seems that the modern state has failed to do so. In this century of globalization, we see a return of the sacred, a clash between different cultures, a "duel" between the different absolute truths that everyone believes they possess. In particular, there is a symbol, representative of all, under which all citizens are subject, regardless of their religious or philosophical conviction, and it is precisely the flag. It turns out that, one in three flags, that is, one third of the flags in the world contain religious symbols, predominantly Christian symbols, followed by Muslim ones and the rest Hindu, Buddhist, Jewish symbols and traditional religions and cults (Theodoru, 2014). The cross and the crescent moon are the most common where the majority of nations recognize themselves. The cross and the crescent are the most common where the majority of nations recognize themselves. The intent of this work is to be able to give a stricto jure answer to a complicated diatribe, analyzing whether the exhibition of religious symbols contained in flags can constitute a justified reason to believe that the principle of neutrality and secularity of the State, the principle of equality and non-discrimination, is violed. Through these principles the freedom of religion of each individual is also guaranteed, also taking into account the negative dimension of the latter. This problem affects many democracies, including European ones, yet the European Union itself aims to build a European identity, an identity in which everyone identifies and recognizes. Received: 5 September 2022 / Accepted: 20 October 2022 / Published: 5 November 2022
Religion and politics have consistently gone through a tough relationship. The public debate on religion repeatedly gives the idea of being a "sterile debate", since knowing or coming up with the absolute truth is almost impossible when it comes to religious-civil power-state institutions and religious institutions. Much worse concerns clashes between civilizations and religions worldwide, with bloody conflicts still on the rise nowadays. Hence, the topic on religion must never be underestimated, and yet, never overestimated as well. Precisely, this article conducts a dual-track analysis, on one hand, the possible constitutional admissibility of teaching religion in schools, and on the other, the empirical analysis aimed at collecting data on the opinion of parents, teachers, and school psychologists regarding the inclusion of religion-related subjects in school curricula. The small sample used for semi-structured interviews emerged as having opposing viewpoints about whether or not religion should be incorporated in school curricula. This paper focuses on the topic of religiosity, wrapped up in its own veil of mystery, and it affects the innermost angle of human beings. The relationship with the divine does not allow anyone to touch what is revered just for existing. For these and other reasons, this issue is constantly complex to deal with, but at the same time, it is overrun by hues that modern jurists must grasp and give real value to constitutional principles that keep a democratic society alive, capable of including rather than excluding anyone. Received: 2 January 2023 / Accepted: 01 March 2023 / Published: 5 March 2023
The problems of the Albanian criminal code are many and of different nature. In this short article, only some of the main issues will be highlighted, by underlying the most critical issues, while - for obvious reasons of space - individual institutes will not be explored in detail. We will try to carry out a general examination to understand what are the gaps, problems and possible solutions in view of a reform. In this regard, in fact, some elements will be highlighted that are believed to be of help to the ministerial commission that will be invested in the preparation of the new text. Received: 8 December 2021 / Accepted: 31 January 2022 / Published: 5 March 2022
This article aims to carry out an analysis of the problems affecting the legal system, with particular reference to the criminal law and criminal procedure law, of the Republic of Albania. We will start from a rapid reconstruction of the Albanian system in a historical key to understand its peculiarities, to move on to the most significant steps in its evolution. At a later stage we will try to highlight the critical issues that have arisen not only on the level of criminal law, but also on the cultural one. The reasons that led to the 2016 constitution reform and then to the subsequent reforms that changed the face of the country's legal system will be highlighted. Will be highlighted. The news, the improvements and the problems related to the knowledge of the law and above all to the ability to create a law capable of being systematic. In this perspective, we will try to understand the reasons that still leave many perplexities on the Albanian reform path. the improvement of the justice system represents the central point for Albania to successfully undertake the path of accession to the European Union. Received: 15 August 2021 / Accepted: 6 October 2021 / Published: 5 November 2021
The individual’s will, defined as a fundamental condition to enter a marriage, proves that it belongs to private law, therefore marriage is not mandatory but optional. From this point of view, the right to marry shall not be understood only as an opportunity that the law provides for two individuals to enter a marriage, but also as the individuals’ right to reject such a relationship [marriage] before it is entered. The European Union has addressed the problem of forced marriage both a form of human trafficking and as a manifestation of gender-based violence. Since forced marriage mainly affects vulnerable social groups, women and minors should be taken into primary consideration. Recently in Europe, there is a growing trend towards the criminalization of forced marriage. This papier identifies enforcement cases in relation to the criminal offence of forced marriage in Europe. As a result, the core aim of this article is to critically review advantages and disadvantages of the criminalization of forced marriages from a comparative point of view. In conclusion, such a criminalization cannot be seen as a priority tool to address the problem of a forced marriage. Received: 11 February 2023 / Accepted: 25 April 2023 / Published: 5 May 2023
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