Screening mammography requires high-quality images and experienced radiologists. An improved technique with a systematic approach to patient positioning enables visualization of the deep parts of the breast. The sternalis muscle is occasionally observed in mammograms as a variant of the deep normal structures and may mimic a mass. The sternalis muscle is an uncommon anatomic variant of the chest wall musculature. It is located subcutaneously over the pectoralis muscle and has a parallel course to the sternum. It runs from the infraclavicular area to the caudal aspect of the breast. This inconsistent muscle has varying shapes, contours and sizes and may mimic a mass lesion on the craniocaudal (CC) mammogram. Familiarity with its mammographic appearance and ultrasonographic correlation is essential to avoid confusion with a malignant lesion. In this case report, we describe mammographic and ultrasonographic imaging findings of the sternalis muscle and review the literature. The sternalis muscle is a supernumerary muscle located in the anterior thoracic region, running parallel to the sternum. Different anatomical studies have reported the prevalence of the sternalis muscle to be 1.923.5% (4). It was first shown on mammography by Bradley et al. (5), who described it in six women. Case ReportA forty-eight year old patient was interpreted in our centre for screening mammography. Standard CC and MLO views were obtained and interpreted with previous mammograms. CC mammogram demonstrated a developing density in the medial posterior part of the breast. The density was round in shape and the edges were well defined ( Figure 1). As we interpreted that lesion as a developing density, ultrasound examination was performed. Ultrasonographic views showed approximately 5x35x70 mm muscle tissue over the right pectoralis muscle. The muscle tissue was well
ÖZET Kafa travmalı olgularda bilgisayarlı tomografinin yeriAmaç: Kafa travması nedeniyle bilgisayarlı beyin tomografisi yapılan olguları değerlendirip, bulguları literatür ile karşılaştırmak amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Kliniğimizde kafa travması nedeniyle kontrastsız bilgisayarlı beyin tomografisi çekilen 800 olgu retrospektif olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Çalışmaya alınan 800 olgunun 460'ı (%57) kadın, 340'ı (%43) erkek idi. Travma nedeni 544 olguda düşme (%68.0), 104 olguda fiziki saldırı (%13.0), 120 olguda trafik kazası (%15) ve 32 olguda evde, işte veya dışarıda olan kazalar (%4) idi. Trafik kazalarının 68'i araç dışı (%56.6), 52'si ise araç içi (%43.4) trafik kazasıydı. Olguların 132'sinde cilt altı hematom (%16.5), 28'inde kafa kem iklerinde kırık (%3.5), 14'ünde subdural hematom (%1.75), 11 'inde subaraknoid kanama (%1.375), 8'inde intraparankimal kanama (%1.0) ve 11 inde diğer (%1.375) nedenler saptandı. 596 olguda ise travm aya sekonder bir patoloji saptanmadı (%74.5). Sonuç: Hafif kafa travmalarında BT endikasyonu, radyasyona m aruziyet riski nedeniyle tartışmalı olmakla birlikte kolay ve güvenilir bir yöntem olması nedeniyle ve potansiyel nörolojik defisit ve hatta ölüm potansiyeli olan bir intrakranyal hasarı atlam am ak için değerlendirmede hala ilk sıradaki yerini korumaktadır. Anahtar kelimeler: Kafa travması, bilgisayarlı tomografi ABSTRACT The role o f computed tomography in patients with head injuryObjective: Our aim is to interpret brain tomographies of the patients w ho had a head traum a and to compare w ith the literature. Material and Methods: Cranial tomographies of 800 patients w ho had a history of head traum a were interpreted retrospectively. Results: There were 800 patients as 460 females (55%) and 340 males (45%). The etiology of trauma were fall in 544 patients (68.0%) physical attacks in 104 patients (13.0%), traffic accidents in 120 patients (15%) and other accidents at home, a t w o rk or outside in 32 patients (4%). In 68 traffic accidents patients were out of the vehicle (56.6%), in 52 traffic accidents patients were in the vehicle (43.4%). There were hematoma under the scalp in 132 cases (16.5%), cranial bone fractures in 28 cases (3.5%), subdural hematom a in 14 cases (1.75%), subarachnoid hemorrhages in 11 patients (1.375%), intraparanchimal hematoma in 8 cases (1.0%) and other pathologies in 11 cases (1.375%). There w eren't any pathologies secondary to trauma in 596 patients (74,5%). Conclusion: Although CT indication in m ild head traumas is controversial due to risk o f radiation exposure, cranial CT is still the first diagnostic m ethod due to feasibility and reliability to avoid missing an intracranial damage th a t w ould result an potential neurological deficit even death.
Ectopic cervical thymus (ECT) is an extremely rare congenital lesion in infants presented with cervical masses. On Ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), these lesions demonstrate identical echotexture and signal intensities as native thymus. Thus, both US and MRI are appropriate imaging modalities for the diagnosis of ECT. To illustrate the unique characteristics of these masses, we describe the case of bilateral ECT in a 3-month-old boy with corresponding US and MRI findings. We consider, particularly, on the basis of the typical US appearance of thymic tissue, one can confidently preclude the need for biopsy or other imaging modalities to establish that a discovered lesion is ectopic thymus tissue.
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