In this paper, we introduce an audio encryption scheme based on the cosine number transform (CNT). The transform, which is defined over a finite field, is recursively applied to blocks of samples of a noncompressed digital audio signal. The blocks are selected using a simple overlapping rule, which provides diffusion of the ciphered data to all processed blocks. A secret-key is used to specify the number of times the transform is applied to each one of such blocks. Computer experiments are carried out and security aspects of the proposed scheme are discussed. Our analysis indicates that the method meets the main security requirements of secret-key cryptography. More specifically, after the encryption of 16-bit audio signals, correlation coefficients significantly close to 0 and entropy values close to 16 were obtained. Furthermore, the flexibility of the method easily allows key space sizes greater than 2 256 and provides robustness against differential, known-plaintext and chosen-plaintext attacks.
Due to the large variety of Internet of Things (IoT) platforms, selecting the right one to implement an IoT solution is a tough task. To mitigate right selection by the developer, this paper presents a Systematic Multivocal Mapping Study on IoT platforms and its main software elements, to define their anatomy considering how they were studied by the market analysts and academia. By using a precise protocol defined on this work, it was possible to select 63 academic articles and industry reports that perform IoT platform descriptions, evaluations and comparisons. As results, this paper identified the most important IoT platforms are AWS IoT, Azure IoT, Watson IoT, PTC ThingWorx and Google IoT. Its main capabilities are Interoperability, Security & Privacy, Developer Support, Data Management, Device Management and Services Management. It was also defined an architectural model with the main platform components highlighted according to their relevance, the main communication models (Publish/Subscribe and REST APIs) and the common API that should be implemented by the IoT platforms.
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