The purpose of this study was to examine apple flour as a source of functional flour in various cookie formulas. Apple flour is applied as a substitute for flour in making cookies. The design used was a nested design [Nested Analisys], with two groups of apple varieties and three levels of formula adding apple flour which was nested in each variety, and repeated four times. Grouping is based on varieties, namely A = Anna and M = Manalagi, and the formula for adding apple flour to cookies is F0: 0%; F20: 20%, F25: 75%, and F30: 30%. In the formula of cookies, an analysis of chemical characteristics (water, ash, protein, fat, carbohydrates, dietary fiber, and antioxidants), physical characteristics and sensory characteristics is carried out. This study proves that apple flour can be substituted into formula cookies. In general, apple flour cookies have more brown color, distinctive flavor and aroma of apples, and lower crispness than cookies in general. The substitution level that produces the best quality and can be accepted by the panelists is 25% and 30% Manalagi apple flour. The use of higher flour levels has more fiber content, so it can reduce the crispness of cookies. Substitution of apple flour decreases protein and fat content, on the contrary, increases water content, ash content, dietary fiber content, carbohydrate levels and antioxidant activity of cookies. The most preferred product by panelists is the level of substitution of Manalagi apple flour 25% and 30%.
The purpose of this study was to observe the technology of mango fruit production at off-season used growth regulators. The research was conducted with three treatments namely: i) Paclobutrazol dosage (control, 5 mL L–1 per tree, 10 mL L–1 per tree and 15 L–1 per tree). ii) Ethephon dosages (0 mL L-1 per tree, 400 mL L–1 per tree, 600 mL L–1 per tree and 800 mL L–1 per tree) that applied 1 mo after paclobutrazol addition. iii) Paclobutrazol (P) and organic fertilizer (F) application in combination as follows: (control, 5 mL + 10 kg, 10 mL + 15 kg, 15 mL + 20 kg) Randomized Completely Block Designed (RCBD) with five replications was used. The results indicated that i) Paclobutrazol application accelerated the flowering age, shortens the panicle length, and increased fruit yield of the tree. ii) Giving Ethephon accelerated the flowering period, enhanced both the panicles number and yields. The treatment of ethephones 600 mL L–1 produced the highest fruit weight, 182.60 kg, respectively iii) The Paclobutrazol and organic fertilizer application indicated significantly (p < 0.05) to the panicles number and the fruit weight yield is higher than the control.
This study evaluated the color fastness and crust quality of eco-printed leather using various types of mordant in the natural dye of mangrove extract. This study used 20 sheepskin crusts and mangrove bark extract. This experimental study employed a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with different mordant types as the treatments. The types of mordant used were Aluminum Sulfate (Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ), Calcium Carbonate (CaCO 3 ), Citric Acid (C 6 H 8 O 7 ), and Ferrous Sulfate (FeSO 4 ). The results showed that the use of Ferrous Sulfate (FeSO 4 ) as a mordant gave a darker color and produced better color fastness on eco-printed leather to dry and wet rubbing with a value of 5 (very good), to washing with a value of 4-5 (good), and to sweat with a value of 5 (very good). The use of Ferrous Sulfate (FeSO 4 ) as a mordant improved the tensile strength (p= 0.078), decreased the elongation (p= 0.008), increased the elasticity (p= 0.000), and increased the cracking resistance (p= 0.013) of the ecoprinted leather as well as produced more stable stitch-tear strength of the eco-printed leather. It is concluded that using Ferrous Sulfate (FeSO 4 ) as a mordant gives a brownish yellow color, increases color fastness to wet rubbing, dry rubbing, washing, sweating, improves crust qualities especially tensile strength and cracking resistance, and decreases the elongation of eco-printed leather.
Potato plants are propagated vegetatively with tubers. The difficulty of getting potato seeds with tubers is an obstacle in the supply of potato seeds, to overcome these obstacles vegetative propagation with cuttings can be a solution for the supply of potato seeds. This research used a factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD). The first factor is the type of Radix Up consisting of 4 levels, namely Z0 (control), Z1 (Radix Up 1), Z2 (Radix Up 2), and Z3 (Radix Up 3), the second factor is the number of segments consisting of 3 levels namely D1 (number of segment 1), D2 (number of segment 2), and D3 (number of segment 3). Observation variables included: when the roots appeared, plant height, number of leaves, and stem diameter.The results showed that there was an interaction between Radix Up types and the number of segments on the growth of potato shoot cuttings when the roots appeared, but there were no interactions on other observational variables. The Z1D3 treatment (Radix Up 1 and segment number 3) gives the fastest average value, which is the average when the root appears 4.33 days.
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