-This paper discusses characteristics of some key features of the primary Buru gold deposit as a tool for a better understanding of the deposit genesis. Currently, about 105,000 artisanal and small-scale gold miners (ASGM) are operating in two main localities, i.e. Gogorea and Gunung Botak by digging pits/shafts following gold-bearing quartz vein orientation. The gold extraction uses mercury (amalgamation) and cyanide processing. The field study identifies two types/generations of quartz veins namely (1) Early quartz veins which are segmented, sigmoidal, discontinous, and parallel to the foliation of host rock. The quartz vein is lack of sulfides, weak mineralized, crystalline, relatively clear, and maybe poor in gold, and (2) Quartz veins occurred within a 'mineralized zone' of about 100 m in width and ~1,000 m in length. The gold mineralization is strongly overprinted by an argillic alteration zone. The mineralization-alteration zone is probably parallel to the mica schist foliation and strongly controlled by N-S or NE-SW-trending structures. The gold-bearing quartz veins are characterized by banded texture particularly colloform following host rock foliation and sulphide banding, brecciated, and rare bladed-like texture. The alteration types consist of propylitic (chlorite, calcite, sericite), argillic, and carbonation represented by graphite banding and carbon flakes. The ore mineralization is characterized by pyrite, native gold, pyrrhotite, and arsenopyrite. Cinnabar, stibnite, chalcopyrite, galena, and sphalerite are rare or maybe absent. In general, sulphide minerals are rare (<3%). Fifteen rock samples were collected in Wamsaid area for geochemical assaying for Au, Ag, As, Sb, Hg, Cu, Pb, and Zn. Eleven of fifteen samples yielded more than 1.00 g/t Au, in which six of them are in excess of 3.00 g/t Au. It can be noted that all high-grade samples are originally or containing limonitic materials, that suggest the role of supergene enrichment. Interestingly, most of the high-grade samples contain also high grade As (up to 991ppm), Sb (up to 885 ppm), and Hg (up to 75 ppm). Fluid inclusions in both quartz vein types consist of four phases including L-rich, V-rich, L-V-rich, and L1-L2-V (CO 2 )-rich phases. Mineralizing hydrothermal fluid is typified by CO 2 -rich fluid, moderate temperature of 300 -400 ºC and a typical low salinity (0.36 to 0.54 wt.% NaCl eq). Based on those key features, gold mineralization in Buru Island meets the characteristics of LS epithermal or orogenic gold deposit types; however, it tends to be fitter with orogenic gold deposit rather than another type.
Chromites (Fe,Mg)Cr O is an oxide mineral in spinel group. It is one of metallic mineral which classified in to alloy and ferro alloy metallic mineral group along with iron, nickel, titanium, manganese, cobalt, and bauxite. Chromites is the only ore mineral of metallic chromium and chromium compounds and chemicals. Because of this fact, chromites and chrome ore are used synonymously in trade literature. It is used for refractory material, because it has high heat stability. In Indonesia, chromites deposits are widely distributed in the eastern part of Indonesia, which rich in metal bearing ultramafic to mafic intrusive especially in South Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Maluku, Halmahera, Gebe, Gag, Waigeo, and Papua. These deposits are resulted from weathering of ophiolite rocks as part of the Pacific plate.
Hasil kegiatan eksplorasi yang dilaksanakan instansi pemerintah maupun perusahaan swasta dengan berbagai metode dan pendekatan konsep telah banyak menghasilkan basis data geologi, geofisika, geokimia dan keterdapatan sumberdaya geologi diantaranya mineral logam dasar. Penelitian ini untuk mengelola dan bertujuan menganalisis hubungan spasial dari basis data yang ada menggunakan sistem informasi geografis. Daerah Takengon dipilih sebagai lokasi penelitian dikarenakan keterdapatan data yang cukup meliputi geologi, geofisika, geokimia dan beberapa titik keterdapatan mineral logam dasar. Rasio frekuensi keseluruhan faktor yang berkaitan dengan mineral logam dasar dihitung dengan menggunakan pendekatan empiris dan diintegrasikan untuk menyusun peta indeks potensi mineral. Semakin tinggi nilai indeks menunjukkan potensi yang tinggi pula akan keterdapatan mineral logam dasar. Akurasi peta prediksi ini mencapai 94,85%. Peta ini bisa dipakai untuk membantu menentukan daerah target eksplorasi di lapangan.
Batuan pembawa mineralisasi daerah Satoko berupa syenodiorit yang telah mengalami ubahan argilik dengan komposisi didominasi monmorilonit dan haloisit dengan sedikit nontronit. Luas daerah mineralisasi sekitar 0.49 km, dalam bentuk urat-urat kuarsa yang teramati pada beberapa sumur uji. Urat kuarsa berwarna putih susu dengan struktur banded, vuggy dan dog teeth terisi pirit sangat halus, oksida besi, hematit dan limonit. Ketebalan urat kuarsa bervariasi antara 2 – 4 cm dan membentuk zona urat mencapai lebar 40 cm. Analisis kimia dari conto urat kuarsa menunjukkan nilai tertinggi kandungan unsur logam 6.326 ppm Au, 40 ppm Cu, 5.526 ppm Pb, 379 ppm Zn, 5 ppmAg, 4.65% Fe, 35 ppmAs, 8 ppm Mo dan 7 ppm Sb. Korelasi yang erat ditunjukkan oleh kemunculan Cu, Pb dan Zn dengan nilai koefisien diatas 0,8, sedangkan Au menunjukkan korelasi negatif dengan unsur-unsur lain. Analisis inklusi fluida mengindikasikan mineralisasi terjadi pada kisaran temperatur antara 220°-300°C dan kedalaman 291,53 – 863,16 m Kisaran temperatur tersebut merupakan lingkungan tipe mineralisasi epitermal.
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