SummaryThis work aimed to verify the influence of prior homogenization and storage temperature on the crystallization of honey. Honeys from Campos Gerais, PR Brazil, were used for the experiments. The samples were subjected to homogenization at 0, 180, 360 and 540 rpm for 15 minutes and stored at 15 °C or 25 °C. Crystallization was monitored by the colour, absorbance at 660 nm and moisture analysis. At the end of the experiment, the crystal sizes were determined by optical microscopy and laser diffraction. It could be observed that the samples kept at 15 °C and homogenized by agitation at 360 or 540 rpm showed crystal formation after 7 days of storage, while all the samples stored at 25 °C showed crystal formation after 20 days. It was also observed that the effect of temperature was much more pronounced than that of mechanical agitation during homogenization. All the samples stored at 15 °C developed crystals that were smaller than 20 μm.Key words: Size distribution; Crystals; Honey. ResumoO objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a influência da homogeneização prévia e da temperatura de armazenamento na cristalização do mel. Mel da região dos Campos Gerais/PR (Brasil) foi usado para os experimentos. As amostras foram submetidas a homogeneização sob agitação de 0, 180, 360 ou 540 rpm por 15 minutos e armazenadas a 15 °C ou 25 °C. A cristalização foi monitorada por meio de análises de cor, absorbância a 660 nm e umidade. Ao final dos experimentos, o tamanho dos cristais formados foi determinado por microscopia ótica e difração a laser. Pode-se observar que as amostras mantidas a 15 °C homogeneizadas sob agitação de 360 e 540 rpm apresentaram formação de cristais após 7 dias de armazenamento, enquanto todas as amostras armazenadas a 25 °C formaram cristais após 20 dias de armazenamento. Observou-se que a temperatura teve um efeito mais pronunciado na cristalização do que a agitação durante a etapa de homogeneização. Todas as amostras armazenadas a 15 °C apresentaram cristais menores que 20 μm.Palavras-chave: Distribuição de tamanho; Cristais; Mel.
Many food products are sensitive to oxygen which can promote rancidity, aerobic microorganism growth, browning, vitamin degradation, flavor loss, and other undesirable reactions. Active packaging concepts have been successfully applied to delay these deteriorative phenomena. In particular, oxygen scavengers help limit O2 ingress into packaging thus extending product shelf-life and thereby reducing food waste. Besides oxygen barrier polymers, other composite materials have been developed to reduce the overall O2 permeability into the package by adding oxygen scavengers or barrier fillers into the packaging structures. Typical thermoplastic food packaging barrier properties are summarized, including commercially available ones, and reported in the patent literature. Furthermore, various mathematical models have been developed to predict the oxygen transport behavior in active packaging to simulate oxygen transport in polymeric and composite materials. Such models are helpful to provide a better understanding of the mass transport fundamentals involved and shorten product development cycle time and cost. This review provides an overview of various oxygen absorber systems used in active food packaging. It also summarizes the mathematical models that simulate oxygen transport and absorption in different polymer films. Finally, these models can be adapted for other polymers and O2 scavengers to simulate O2 transfer on active polymeric materials. Simulation tools help the fundamental understanding of the O2 transport behavior and facilitate to developing novel active packaging systems that extend food shelf-life and enhance their safety.
O tamarillo (Cyphomandra betacea Sendt) é originário da Região Andina do Peru. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver o produto 'geleia de tamarillo' e consistiu em: caracterizar os frutos e o seu rendimento em polpa; apresentar um protocolo de processo, e avaliar sensorialmente os produtos obtidos a partir de três formulações, diferenciadas quanto ao grau °Brix, ao tipo de açúcar e ao teor de pectina. Os frutos tamarillos apresentaram 54,8 ± 4,0 mm, 34,6 ± 2,4 mm e 36,2 ± 6,5 g de comprimento, diâmetro e massa, respectivamente. A polpa integral, de sabor doce e levemente ácida, apresentou 13,30 ± 0,14 °Brix e pH 4,19 ± 0,11. Os frutos renderam 83,3% de polpa integral e 51,5% de locular mucilaginosa, contendo sementes. As geleias de 50 °Brix e contendo glicose ou sacarose foram as mais aceitas pelos provadores quando comparadas à geleia de 40 °Brix, de menor concentração de sólidos solúveis. Um porcentual maior ou igual a 70% do total de provadores aprovou as geleias de 50 °Brix para todos os seus atributos sensoriais avaliados e um mínimo de 40% manifestou intenção de compra. Considerando-se que a sacarose possui custo menor que a glicose, o protocolo de fabricação da geleia de 50 °Brix contendo a sacarose e 2% de pectina foi o recomendado, na pesquisa, para a produção de geleia de tamarillo.
Lactose intolerance is a disorder that affects a large part of the population, in this sense, it becomes feasible the study of manufacturing techniques that make it possible to guarantee the elaboration of products with low lactose content. Taking this into account, the present study aimed to evaluate the lactose content and physical-chemical characteristics of washed mass cheeses during the maturation period. Pasteurized whole milk with initial lactose percentage of 4.55 g/100 g was used and after coagulation, cutting and stirring, a partial (10% of the initial volume) whey removal was followed by addition of the same volume of hot water at 75 °C. Cheeses were analyzed at 0, 7, 15, 30 and 60 days of maturation for lactose content, acidity, pH, water activity, moisture, fixed mineral residue and chlorides. A lactose content of less than 0.005 g/100 g was obtained shortly after manufacturing (fresh product). The starter culture used and the process of washing the mass likely contributed to the low lactose content of the cheeses. Thereby is presented a viable alternative for the production of naturally lactose-free cheeses.
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