Anthropogenic noise is a global pollutant and several studies have identified its impact on wildlife. This research shows how the noise produced by mining affects crickets' acoustic communication. Two passive acoustic monitoring devices (SMII) were installed in a forest fragment located at 500 m from the Brucutu Mine in Brazil. Another two SMII were installed distant 2500 from the mine. The equipment was configured to record from 17:00 to 05:00 h during seven days in April 2013. The authors analyzed the spectral characteristics of acoustic activity of three species of crickets (Anaxipha sp., Gryllus sp., and a Podoscirtinae species) before, during, and after the passing of mine trucks. For comparison the authors analyzed the acoustic characteristics for Anaxipha sp. and Gryllus sp. found in the distant site. Results showed a calling interruption for all the species during truck transit. Gryllus sp. emitted calls with higher maximum frequencies, average power, and larger bandwidth in the site close to the mine. Podoscirtinae species emitted calls with lower minimum frequencies, higher average power, and large bandwidth in the close site. The authors show that insect acoustic behavior varies between areas with different levels of noise. The disruption of this behavior may have negative consequences for their reproductive success.
Choruses are commonly observed phenomena in both terrestrial and aquatic environments and are the product of species vocalizing contemporaneously usually at dawn and dusk. This study analyzes the composition and temporal distribution of anuran choruses at a recently built artificial pond in Southeast Brazil. Data were collected using Passive Acoustic Monitoring devices set to record 24-hours per day, seven days a month, throughout an entire year (October 2016 to September 2017). A total of eight species participated in the studied choruses: Boana albopunctata, Boana faber, Boana lundii, Phyllomedusa burmeisteri, Physalaemus cuvieri, Rhinella ornata, Rhinella diptycha and Scinax aff. perereca. The number of species, call emission rate, temperature, and humidity were all higher before midnight and during the rainy season. The species differed significantly in mean call rate by hour at which they sang. Boana faber and B. albopunctata were the species with the greatest vocal activity in both seasons, and were predominantly responsible for initiating choruses in the rainy season, while R. diptycha and B. lundii initiated choruses in the dry season. Anuran choruses started around 18:30 h during the rainy season and varied according to the time of sunset, while they started later in the dry season and were not correlated with sunset time. There was a positive correlation between the number of species calling and the call emission rate per month in both seasons. The results show that the choruses were correlated with climatic factors and that the species distributed their vocalizations over time, thus reducing acoustic overlap.
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