This paper presents the economic structural optimization of the Casa Síndico project using an algorithm programmed through the CSi API functions SAP2000v19-MATLAB R2015a, applying metaheuristic techniques: Genetic Algorithms (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), in addition to hybridization between them. The results show that PSO has a better performance than GA for this type of optimization, although both, working with their simple methodologies, are not completely efficient, which is verified when creating and applying a hybridization between the two, using GA to create an initial swarm for PSO to carry out the optimization process, obtaining results of up to 10% better. Regarding the structural results, a direct cost of construction is obtained by 13% more economical when applying the proposed methodology, leaving, for the beams, heights of relation L / h between 15 and 17.5, for the columns, the use of sections with rectangularities of up to 1.35, in the direction that more flexion occurs, something similar to what happens for the foundations, where the rectangularity of these follows the previous criterion, obtaining values of up to 1.4.
Parameter tuning deals with finding the best parameter configuration of an optimization method in a given problem. In structural optimization, it could be an extensive and high-computing cost process. One way to avoid this drawback is to use analytical functions (or benchmark functions), for simulating main features of objective functions in real problems. In this paper, Biogeography-Based Optimization is applied during structural optimization of reinforced concrete frame structures, and Ackley function for parameter tuning in real cases simulation. The tuned method outperformed other meta-heuristics in the actual optimization problem. Structural results show that by not including static soil-structure interaction, differences in direct cost of the superstructure of up to 4.42% are obtained for predominantly cohesive soils and 11.55% for predominantly frictional ones. In beams, L/h ratios around 15 and high reinforcement ratios are highly recommended. In columns and shallow foundations, best rectangularity reaches values of 1.15 and 2.00 respectively.
Evaluación de los factores que influyen en el desarrollo de la retracción por secado en los hormigones producidos en Cuba Fecha de envío: 29 de octubre 2018 Fecha de aceptación: 9 de agosto 2019 Cracking of concrete elements resulting from drying shrinkage is a phenomenon that affects a large number of structures built with this material worldwide. As a consequence, the buildings are not only affected aesthetically, but also structurally, since cracking patterns, in addition to affecting the element initial stiffness, acts as a pathway for atmospheric agents, contributing to the development of corrosion in reinforcing steel and, consequently, affects durability. This paper presents a characterization of the processes of development of strains due to the shrinkage in a set of representative samples of Cuban concretes. An evaluation of influencing factors in development of shrinkage processes, as well as effectiveness of different mitigation strategies, are considered. Results prove the relevance of the formation and composition of the microstructure and the coarse aggregate influence in shrinkage development. Effectiveness of tensile-active shrinkage reducing additives is assessed, among other solutions, resulting in the most effective mitigation strategy.
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