At the time of the Covid-19 pandemic, all learning was carried out online or online learning, while schools and students had to follow the existing curriculum in their schools, which of course not all of their lessons were happy. Mathematics is one of the subjects that is always a scourge for students, regardless of those who enjoy mathematics. The reasons vary, some say the lessons are difficult to understand, students are not interested in learning mathematics, the teachers are boring, and so on. So that many parents of students who provide additional tutoring for their children by hiring math teachers, in the hope that their children are mathematically intelligent. This study aims to examine the effect of using animated interactive multimedia on students' understanding of the concept of understanding mathematical concepts. The population of this study were students of class VII MTs Darul Ulum Muhammadiyah Galur even semester of the 2019/2020 school year. Of the five existing classes, two classes were taken randomly as samples with one class as the experimental class and one class as the control class. This study used the randomized pretest-posttest control group design. The research data were obtained through a test in the form of a description of the rectangular and square material. The results showed that there was a difference in the understanding of mathematical concepts in students who used animated interactive multimedia higher than the understanding of mathematical concepts of students who took conventional learning, and there was a positive and significant effect of the use of animated interactive media on the Mathematical Concept Understanding of Class VII MTs Darul Ulum Muhammadiyah Galur Tahun Students 2019/2020 Teaching

On Timor island, Nusa Tenggara Timur, faloak barks (Sterculia quadrifida R.Br.) has been used empirically to restore stamina. Faloak bark ethanolic extract proved to have immunomodulatory activity in vitro, which can increase macrophage phagocytosis activity. This research aimed: (i) to determine the immunomodulatory active fraction of faloak bark ethanolic extract, (ii) to determine the total flavonoid contents of faloak extract and fractions, and (iii) to evaluate the correlation of the total flavonoid contents of those extract and fractions with their macrophage phagocytosis activity. The simplisia powder is macerated with 96% ethanol. The extract was dissolved in methanol:water (9:1v/v) was then subsequently partitioned with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water to obtain n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, water fraction, and insoluble fraction. Faloak extract and fractions at concentration 62,5; 125; 250; 500μg/mL were tested for their effect on the peritoneal macrophage phagocytosis of Balb/c mice in vitro by the latex beads method. Phagocytosis capacity and phagocytosis index were analyzed using one-way anova and post hoc Tukey HSD test with 95% confidence level. The results showed that ethyl acetate fraction had the highest macrophage phagocytosis capacity and the highest total flavonoid content compared to other fractions. The highest macrophage phagocytosis capacity of ethyl acetate fraction at concentration of 250 μg/mL was 51,94±4,67%, this value was significantly different from cell control (7,50±1,29%), negative controls of 0,0625% dimethylsulphoxide (6,25±0,36%), as well as positive control of 200 μg/mL echinaceae extract syrup® (9,97±0,33%). The total flavonoid content of ethyl acetate fraction determined by aluminum chloride method was 4,290±0.029 mg of quercetin equivalent/g fraction. There was a positive and strong correlation between the total flavonoid content of these extract and fractions with their macrophage phagocytosis capacity (Pearson correlation coefficient of 0,781) and showing linear relationship y=4,721x+19,663; R2=0,61.

One of problem from anti acne cream formula containing Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) from green tea leaves is EGCG stability. The EGCG is unstable to heat and easily oxidated. However, EGCG is the main marker substance related to antibacterial activity. This study aimed to determine the EGCG stability and its antibacterial activity. The EGCG stability testing was obtained during extraction process by adding phosphoric acid buffer, pH 4 buffer solution and control. The stability of these groups then tested at 2, 25 and 40°C temperature. Evaluation for absorbance changing by UV-VIS spectrophotometry was obtained during 15 days. After that, EGCG concentration from the three groups were compared using HPLC. Antibacterial activity testing for acne causing bacteria Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 35984 was conducted from phosphoric acid and pH 4 buffer solution groups. The result showed that extreme cold temperature decreasing treatment against green tea leaves extract after infundation, pH 4 buffer solution adding and storage at temperature of 2°C produced the highest EGCG concentration namely 60.98% w/w. Besides that, antibacterial activity from the ethyl acetate fraction of green tea leaves extract by using this method produced a good inhibition against P. acnes and S. epidermidis. Moreover, the antibacterial activity against P. acnes was higher than S. epidermis. The adding of pH 4 buffer solution in extraction process produced the highest EGCG concentration than phosphoric acid adding and no buffer adding. The EGCG was stable at the storage temperature of 2°C and 6% ethyl acetate fraction of green tea leaves extract can be used as an anti acne dosage.

Objective: This study was intended to optimize the extraction condition using central composite design.Methods: Central composite cesign with three independent variables, namely water temperature, brewing time, and brewing number were used to obtain the optimum extraction condition. Two dependent variables, namely yield of extraction and epigallocatechingallate level were used as a response parameter. Epigallocatechin gallate level was determined by using high-performance liquid chromatography method.Results: Extraction yield was varied from 0.30 g to 0.72 g. All variables, namely water temperature, brewing time, and brewing number were able to increase the extraction yield. Epigallocatechingallate level was varied from 190.23 mg/g to 301.74 mg/g. Water temperature, brewing time, and both interaction were able to increase the epigallocatechin gallate level in green tea extract.Conclusion: Optimum extraction condition was shown using hot water at a temperature of 95 °C for 20 min and two-times infusions. The condition obtained extraction yield and epigallocatechingallate of 0.70 g and 286.87 mg/g dry weight, respectively.

Abstract"Kayu kuning" (Arcangelisia flava L.Merr) was used when someone has a skin problem caused by Candida albicans and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Scientific based medicine on this traditional knowledge was necessary be done. Stem powderwas extracted by distilled water.The extract was then evaporated. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the active substance e.g., Berberin chloride by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) The antifungal activity againts Candida albicans and Trichophyton mentagrophyteswere tested by using agar diffusion and microdilution methods. The absorbance from microdilution were analized by One way ANOVA. The conclusion showed that the extract contained 1.55±0.12% w/walkaloid calculated as Berberine chloride. The inhibition zone for Candida albicans and Trichophyton mentagrophytes were 16.65±4.52 and 6.55±0.05 mm respectively. The MIC vallue for both fungi was 10 mg/mL.The MBC value for Candida albicans was 40 mg/mL and for Trichophyton mentagrophytes was 50 mg/mL. From the analysis with one-way ANOVA, shows that there are significant differences between the positive control group and the test solution with the negative control group with p=0.020 for Candida albicans and p=0.028 for Trichophyton mentagrophytes (p<0.050). Post hoc Tukey analysis results showed that both intergroup and between the concentration of the test solution to the control group did not differ significantly positive because the value of p>0.050.