Trypanosoma evansi is a hemoflagella parasite that infects cattle as agents of Surra. The disease causes great economic losses due to decrease in production and death. Rapid and accurate method for early detection is necessary so that the appropriate control can be implemented. In recent years, PCR has been widely applied for detection of Trypanosoma with higher sensitivity. Trypanosoma-species-specific-DNA-sequences multi copy can be used as a target parasite identification. Internal transcribed spacer regions 1 (ITS-1) is a useful marker for descriminating trypanosomes species. The aims of this study was to detect T. evansi in cattle from Central Kalimantan using ITS-1 PCR. A total of 44 bovine blood samples were colleted using Whatman filter paper from Lamandau District of Central Kalimantan Province. PCR was carried out using ITS-1 primers on DNA templete that was isolated from dried blood. The results showed that 27 out of 44 samples (61.4%) were positive for T. evansi. Lamandau District was suspected to be endemic area of Surra and therefore requires a special attention.
The sustainable cattle farming approach is integrated with plants and the most potential is the oil palm plantation industry, because the potential of feed resources is cheap and abundant available. The research activities carried out in the Farmer Group in Lamandau district after 3 years of introduction of oil palm-cattle integration (ISaPi) through the introduction of technology for making organic fertilizer and complete feed based on the oil palm plantation industry. The information was obtained from primary data through interviews with farmer groups and key informants from the Agriculture Service and PBS of Oil palm during the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and secondary data was obtained from study desks. Field survey was also conducted. Data were analyzed descriptively and SWOT. Lamandau Regency is ideal for developing ISaPi activities, because of the potential feed resources from the oil palm plantation industry, in the form of oil palm fronds, solid palm oil and palm kernel meal (BIS). Oil palm plantations in Lamandau District with an area of 175,480.46 ha if only 25% of ISaPi activities have the potential to develop livestock around 73,977 animals throughout the year, due to the supply of solid palm oil from 1 PKS, forage in the oil palm area and oil palm fronds. There are 10 farmer of groups and One individual that consistently applies ISaPi activities with various models of application adjusted to the availability of human resources, access to palm oil mills (PKS) and capital from each farmer group. The difference in the application of ISaPi is in the formulation of animal feed (solid palm only or complete feed) and the allotment of organic fertilizer that was produces. Increased productivity and income from the farming is a major factor in ISaPi’s activities keep it running. The strategy for developing of ISaPi activities in Lamandau District by taking into account existing of internal and external factors is to maximize the utilization of the potential of existing resources to increase farm productivity (palm, livestock and horticulture) and diversify farm income by applying technology that is already available and controlled by groups of farmer. With the application of technology, it will be able to increase the added value of products which it was produced. The limiting factors such as access to PKS, product marketing and capital were need support and commitment from related parties, especially the local government and this has been initiated by the local government.
Special efforts for cow must be pregnant (Upsus Siwab) is a program for the achievement of meat adequacy in 2022 through the optimization strategy of implementing Artificial Insemination (AI) in 34 provinces including Maluku Province. One of them is Seram Bagian Barat District. The type of cattle that are kept are Bali with extensive management. Maluku Province is The AI introduction area, so there are many challenges to meet the targets set. The purpose of this paper is to know the performance of AI introductions and the effect toward farmer attitudes in the SBB District during the 3 years of assistance. The method of this research was a survey, interviews with farmers, field officers, and district officers. Data with the Ishiknas format for 3 years was collected from the Agriculture services of SBB District. Data was tabulated and analyzed descriptively. The basic problems related to the application of AI are (1) it is difficult to detect the oestrus because all cattle are released, (2) the habits of mating cattle naturally, (3) there is no interest in participating of AI, and (4) the knowledge of oestrus is very minimal. The strategy to solved the problem was introduction the hormone of Oestrus Synchronization (SE). The strategy was quite successful, in 2017, the realization of AI was 85%. Realization in 2018 and 2019 were more than 100%. The S/C score was 1.13 times indicates that the cows have very good reproductive performance. There were 15 variations in gestational age with the range of 8 months 4 days - 9 months 17 days. The most average were 9 months 10 days (16.6%) and 9 months 11 days (16.6%). The pregnancy rates of AI was 10 -311 cows/month with an average of 108.8 cows, while in natural marriages 0 - 32 cows/month with an average of 12.5 cows. The birth weights of AI with Bali bulls straw ranged from 17 to 23 kg (an average of 19.6 kg), while the natural mating was an average of 16 kg. Another results, the birth weight of AI with Ongole bulls straw on male was an average of 32.2 kg and 30 kg on female. In 2017, the implementation of the AI was all done in combination with the SE because no farmers wanted to report the oestrus of cows. In 2018 there were reports from farmers and in 2019, all AI implementations were based on normal oestrus reports. The change in attitudes of farmers regarding adoption of AI was caused by the calves had a higher birth weight and a higher selling price. Implementation of AI in the District of SBB has good prospects for increasing the quantity and quality of cattle and also increasing the income of farmers
One of the livestock genetic resources in Lamandau Regency, Central Kalimantan Province is the Sambar deer (Cervus unicolor). The existence of this deer is threatened because of the conversion of land into plantations. Conservation of genetic resources of Sambar deer is carried out through ex-situ conservation which is managed by the Department of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries. Conservation goals for educational tourism. This paper aims to inform the conservation of Sambar deer in Lamandau Regency and the problems it faces. The research method was through field observations and interviews with the person in charge of conservation. The research locations were in Lamandau Regency and West Kotawaringin Regency as a comparison to the conservation model of the sambar deer. The results showed that conservation in West Kotawaringin Regency was managed by the private sector. The conservation location is on the edge of a forest area where the environmental conditions of the conservation area in accordance with their natural habitat, apart from being given additional feed, deer can find their own food in the conservation site. Conservation in Lamandau District is managed by the Department of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries in a city park as a tourist location by providing forage feed and additional concentrates from palm oil waste. In the population from 26 in November 2019 to 29 in September 2020, 3 individuals of sambar deer died due to the extreme conditions of the very hot dry season, as well as the presence of worms. The local government is very supportive of the sambar deer conservation efforts.
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