Introduction: Diabetes mellitus(DM) is considered an independent cardiovascular risk factor.Having in mind concomitant occurrence of diabetes and other cardiovascular risk factors, it is expected that patients with poor glucoregulation will have more cardiovascular risk factors and higher cardiovascular risk than patients with good glucoregulation. Aim: To compare cardiovascular risk and cardiovascular risk factors between patients with poorly controlled and patients with well-controlled Diabetes mellitus. Material and Methods: Hundred ten patients aged 40-70 years suffering from Diabetes mellitus type 2 were included. Research is designed as a retrospective, descriptive study. Patients with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) > 7% were considered to have poorly controlled diabetes. The following data and parameters were monitored: age,sex, family history, data on smoking and alcohol consumption, BMI (body mass index), blood pressure, blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL, fibrinogen, uric acid. For the assessment of cardiovascular risk, the WHO / ISH (World Health Organization/International Society of hypertension) tables of the 10-year risk were used, and due to the assessment of the risk factors prevalence, the optimal values of individual numerical variables were defined. Results: Differences in the mean values of systolic, diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol are statistically significant higher in patients with poorly controlled diabetes. Hypertension more frequently occurred in patients with poorly controlled DM. The majority of patients with well-controlled DM belong to the group of low and medium cardiovascular risk, while the majority of patients with poorly controlled DM belong to the group of high and very high cardiovascular risk. In our research, there was a significant difference in cardiovascular risk in relation to the degree of DM regulation, and HbA1c proved to be an important indicator for the emergence of the CVD. Conclusion:There are significant differences in certain risk factors between patients with poorly controlled and well controlled DM. Patients with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus have a higher cardiovascular risk than patients with well controlled diabetes. The value of HbA1c should be considered when assessing cardiovascular risk.
Background: Altered level of many hematological parameters have been directly associated with diabetes in adults, while studies on children with type 1 diabetes mellitus are lacking. The aim of this study was to determine hematological indices in diabetic Bosnian children in comparison to healthy controls as well as to correlate their levels to blood glucose and hemoglobin A1c. Methods: 100 healthy and 100 children with type 1 diabetes mellituss (age 1-18 years) were included in this study. Complete Blood Count, Hemoglobin A1c and glucose were tested. Results were analysed by IBM SPSS Statistics version 23. Results: Significant differences (p<0.05) between healthy and diabetic children were found in HbA1c, glucose, Mean Platelet Volume, number of white blood cells and erythrocytes, hematocrit, hemoglobin and MCH values. No gender differences or significant age differences were seen for hemoglobin, hematocrit and MCV, while platelets, MPV and MCH differed by age only in healthy children. When diabetic children were classified according to HbA1c levels, significant differences were seen for erythrocyte count and hematocrit value (p=0.013 and 0.019 respectively). Number of erythrocytes and white blood cells correlated significantly with HbA1c (p=0.037 and 0.027 respectively). Conclusion: Lower levels of erythrocytes, hematocrit and hemoglobin in diabetic compared to healthy children indicate possible development of anemia, while higher MCV, MCH and MPV values indicate alteration in erythrocyte morphology. Hematological indices could be useful inexpensive tool in diagnosis and follow up of type 1 diabetes in children.
<p><strong>Aim <br /></strong>To assess a psychosocial impact of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on health care workers and to quantify the size of depression symptoms, anxiety and stress levels.<br /><strong>Methods</strong> <br />This cross-sectional study used an anonymous online survey questionnaire as a research instrument and it included 114<br />health workers of all profiles from the Sarajevo Canton employed in private and public institutions. The research was voluntary, non-commercial and all participants provided an oral informed consent. Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) questionnaire was used for assessing emotional status of depression, anxiety and stress.<br /><strong>Results</strong> <br />The mean age of participants was 40.5&plusmn;8.44 years with male:female ratio of 0.28. Prevalence of depression was 46.5%,<br />anxiety61.4%, and 36.9% stress. Age and gender had no effect on emotional status, but it was revealed that women achieved higher depression, anxiety and stress scores than men (without statistical significance). The most notable effect on the emotional state was found for direct or indirect contact with COVID-19 patients. Medical workers in direct contact with COVID-19 patients achieved greater depression (p=0.005), anxiety (p=0.001), stress (p=0.030)<br />and total DASS-21 (p=0.003) scores.<br /><strong>Conclusion</strong> <br />High prevalence of health workers affected by various psychological ailments during the COVID-19 pandemic was found. This evidence underscores the need to address adverse effects of the pandemic on mental health of health care workers.</p>
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