Tujuan penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh pertumbuhan ekonomi, populasi penduduk kota (urban population), dan keterbukaan perdagangan internasional (trade openness) terhadap emisi karbon dioksida (CO2) di Negara ASEAN. Penelitian ini menggunakan data panel mulai dari tahun 2000 sampai dengan tahun 2014. Unit analisis yaitu Negara ASEAN: Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Kamboja, Laos, Myanmar, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, dan Vietnam. Tehnik analisis data menggunakan regresi linier data panel, dengan bantuan software Eviews-9. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, variabel pertumbuhan ekonomi dan keterbukaan perdagangan internasional masing-masing mempunyai pengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap emisi gas karbon dioksida, sedangkan variabel populasi penduduk kota berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap emisi gas karbon dioksida di Negara ASEAN tahun 2000-2014. Variabel-variabel dalam penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai upaya dalam mengurangi emisi karbon dioksida di Negara ASEAN dengan memperhatikan kebijakan pembangunan berkelanjutan ramah lingkungan, penekanan angka kelahiran untuk menekan jumlah penduduk kota, dan berspesialisasi keunggulan komparatif dalam menghasilkan produk negara.
The enactment of autonomy in Indonesia is to minimize the dependence of regional/local governments on the central government. In this case the regional/local government must be able to increase the source of revenue for the region. When fiscal stress is high, the government tends to explore the potential for tax revenues. The ability of an area to explore Original Local Government Revenue (PAD) will affect the development of the area. One of the important tasks of the Regional Government is to provide and build public infrastructure through the allocation of capital expenditure in the Regional Government Budget (APBD). Capital expenditure is the expenditure of the Regional Government which has the leverage to drive the economy. To measure the financial capacity of the local government is to analyze the financial ratios of APBD. This study use method of panel data, which is a combination of data time series (time series) and the data cross (cross section) in each province Indonesia 2016 -2018. The method from this research use FEM (fixed effect model). The result shows that PAD has significant effect to efficiency ratio of government independence performance in each province in Indonesia. It means that high to low PAD has been influenced in ratio efficiency performance of independence. In this case the high and low fiscal ftress and capital expenditure do not have an influence on efficiency ratio of goverment independence performance.
State development is a major development from a certain condition to a situation that is considered more valuable. One of the main requirements for economic growth is the investment criteria, apart from investment, of course, there are many factors that can affect economic growth, namely exports. The research objective to be achieved is to determine the effect of foreign investment, domestic investment, and exports on economic growth. The approach used in this research is quantitative. The variables of this study consist of independent variables, namely PMA, PMDN, and exports in East Java, while the dependent variable is economic growth. Data collection uses secondary data obtained from the Central Statistics Agency of East Java from 2009-2019. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis through the F test and T test with classical assumptions. The results of the study indicate that partially for PMA,PMDN,and exports have a significant effect on economic growth in East Java, and simultaneously there is a significant influence between PMA, PMDN, and exports on economic growth in East Java.
Along with the increase in online business and technological advances that continue to grow, we must be able to carry out good strategies to increase the number of consumers. Our products on social media will be better known to many consumers if they can provide convenience for consumers to visit our sales website. This convenience can be done by using supporting applications, such as Linktree. Linktree is one of the recommended applications for loading multiple links in the Instagram Bio. In fact, in the field, there are still a few SMEs who use this application to increase their sales targets. With these problems, the purpose of this community service activity is to provide education to MSMEs in the Pasuruan city area. MSMEs need more education regarding their product marketing strategies in online business by using available supporting applications. The method used is Focus Group Discussion (FGD) via online. The result of this service: MSME actors are easier to evaluate their online marketing strategies so as to improve their skills and knowledge in developing digital marketing of their products.
Developing economy is very important to fix some of the problems. Each region wants to achieve sustainable economic development. Yet, with the difference of human development index, the open unemployment rate and the districts/ cities minimum wage will form a problem, namely inequality. The purpose of this study is to examine whether the human development index (HDI), the open unemployment rate (TPT) and districts/ cities minimum wage (UMK) had an effect on the income inequality of 38 districts/ cities in East Java in 2012-2015. The methods used in this study is panel data (time series and cross section) of 38 districts/ cities East Java 2012-2015. The model chosen in this study is REM (random effect model) model. The result shows that there is only one significant variable causing income inequality, that is HDI. This means that the high and low of HDI influences the high and low to the income inequality. Meanwhile, two other variables, namely open unemployment rate (TPT) and minimum wage of districts / cities (UMK) have no significant influence to income inequality. In other words, the high-low of TPT and UMK have no influence to the high and low of the income inequality in East Java during the study period.
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