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ÖzetAmaç: Bu çal›flmada Kocaeli ilinde evde bak›m hizmeti alan hastalarda bas› ülserlerinin prevalans›n›n tespit edilmesi ve ül-serlerin klinik özelliklerinin ve iliflkili faktörlerin incelenmesi amaçlanm›flt›r. Gereç ve Yöntem: Kocaeli Büyükflehir Belediyesi taraf›ndan A¤ustos ve Ekim 2007 tarihleri aras›nda evde bak›m hizmeti alan toplam 420 hasta çal›flmaya al›nd›. Bu süre boyunca bas› ülseri bulunan her hasta beslenme ve sosyoekonomik durum, kiflisel temizlik, inkontinans›n varl›¤› ve di¤er faktörler aç›s›ndan de¤erlendirildi. Ek olarak ülserlerin yerleflim yeri, say›s› ve derinli¤ine göre klinik evresi kaydedildi. Bulgular: Bas› ülserlerinin prevalans› % 23,8'di. Hastalar›n ortalama yafl› 68 (11-100) idi. Bas› ülseri olan hastalar›n % 49'unda serebrovasküler olay, %14'ünde geçirilmifl travma öyküsü vard›. Bas› ülseri bafll›ca sakral bölgede (ortalama, %72) yerleflirken en çok evre 2 (ortalama, %33) bas› ülseri saptand›. Sonuç: Biz bas› ülserlerinin prevalans›n›n %23,8 oldu¤unu tespit ettik. Çal›flmam›za ve di¤er çal›flmalara göre oluflumu basit önlemlerle engellenebilen bas› ülserlerinin yatalak ve bak›ma muhtaç hastalarda hala s›k görülen bir sa¤l›k sorunu oldu¤unu görülmektedir. (Türkderm 2010; 44: 128-31) Anahtar Kelimeler: Bas› ülseri, prevalans, dekübitus ülseri Summary Background and Design: In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of pressure ulcers and to investigate the clinical features of ulcers and associated factors in patients receiving home health care in the City of Kocaeli. Material and Method: A total of 420 patients, who received home health care by Kocaeli Metropolitan Municipality between August and October 2007, were included in this study. Each patient who had pressure ulcers during this period was assessed from the standpoint of accompanying diseases, nutritional and socioeconomic status, personal cleanliness, existence of incontinence and other factors. In addition, localization, number and clinical stage according to the depth of pressure ulcers were recorded. Results: The prevalence of pressure ulcers was 23.8%. The mean age of the patients was 68 (range: 11-100) years. Of the patients with pressure ulcers, 49% had cerebrovascular accident and 14% had past history of trauma. Pressure ulcers were found mainly in the sacral region (mean, 72%) and were most commonly in stage 2 (mean, 33%). Conclusion: We determined that the prevalence of pressure ulcers was 23.8%. In our study, similar to other studies, it was observed that decubitus ulcers are still a frequently seen health problem in bedfast and needy patients, even though their occurrence can be prevented by some simple measures. (Turkderm 2010; 44: 128-31)

Abstract:This study develops an optimal driving strategy for solar car on a track with nonzero gradients and sharp corners. This strategy consists of finding the racing line and the speed profile that minimizes the lap time with a given amount of energy. The problem is formulated in proper form for a commercial nonlinear optimization software program.The track is modeled into segments identified by their spatial coordinates on its own surface. The speed-distance behavior of the vehicle is linearized at each segment. The constraints set by the brushless DC motor, battery, and circuit are formulated accordingly. This is the motor type widely used in electric cars. The solver produces both the positions of the car on the track and entry speeds into the segments, which minimizes the lap time for the given amount of the solar power and battery reserve. The positions of the car describe the best racing line. Formulation of the constraints allows extracting the motor current profile from the speed profile, which comprises the set of control actions. These profiles help the human driver identify where and how much to accelerate along the track for the desired performance of the car. The algorithm presented here can also serve as a tool to assess the performance of an electric car at different road conditions, thus helping to choose the best settings of the motor and the car.

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