12 representative high quality xian/indica rice varieties were selected as test materials. Seven grain length genes including GS3, LGY3, qGL3, GL7, SLG7, TGW6 and GS9, and three grain width genes including GW8, GW5 and GS5 were tested by molecular marker. The results showed that: All 12 varieties have the gs3 long-grain allele, Ezhong 5, Yujing 91, Yuzhenxiang, Huangmaozhan, Yangxizao and Super-Basimati have the GL7 and SLG7 long-grain allele, 11 varieties with the exception of Jianzhen 2 have the gw8 slender-grain allele, Yujing 91, Yuzhenxiang, 9311, R835, Huangmaozhan, Yangxizao have the GS5 Wide-grain allele. This study is helpful to establish an overall understanding of the genotypes of 10 grain-shape genes in high quality xian/indica varieties, and provides important genotype information in selecting and cultivating new high quality long-grain indica varieties via molecular marker-assisted selection in the future.Keywords High quality xian/indica rice; Grain shape gene; Molecular marker; Genotype Rice is the most important crop in China, the production and the consumption of which is the highest in the world. For a long period in the last century, owing to lack of food, people took yield as the only goal of rice breeding, but ignored its quality. Since the beginning of this century, the production of rice, wheat, corn and other grains has all improved. With the continuous improvement of people's living standards and the increasing competition in the international and domestic markets, the problem of poor quality of rice in China has become increasingly prominent, which is becoming the main bottleneck of the current rice industry (Wan and You, 2018).High quality rice in China accounts for more than 10% of the market, and Hubei Province can plant at least 3 million mu. But the four varieties with the largest promotion area, Ezhong No. 5, Jianzhen No. 2, Yuzhenxiang, and Exiang No. 2, have planted less than 1 million mu totally. It can be seen that the supply of high quality rice varieties is far from meeting the demand for the development of production, which has become the bottleneck of industrialization development of high quality rice. After nearly 20 years' scientific research, some high quality rice varieties had bred by Chinese rice breeders and been approved, such as the high quality xian/indica rice, Ezhong No. 5, cultivated by our unit, whose chalky rice rate and chalkiness degree were is double 0. Except the amylose content, the other indexesall reached the first grade of National standard, the taste score remained above 85, and it was examined and approved in Hubei and Hainan Province (Li et al., 2005) The quality of Ezhong No. 5 is equivalent to that of Thai fragrant rice. It has become the first choice for large rice processing enterprises such as "Guobao Qiaomi" and "Wacang Dami" in Hubei Province to develop high quality rice and build famous brands.At present, the generally recognized high quality xian/indica rice refers to a type that has crystal-clear appearance, slender grain, excellent phys...
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