Background
Pilonidal sinus disease (PSD) is a simple chronic inflammatory condition resulting from loose hairs forcibly inserted into vulnerable tissue in the natal cleft. It is an acquired disease with a slight familial tendency. There is no agreement on optimum treatment and the multitude of therapeutic options cannot be compared due to the lack of a universally adopted classification of the disease. The aim of our study was to perform a systematic review of the literature to determine how presentations of PSD are classified and reported.
Methods
A systematic review of the English language literature was undertaken searching studies published after 1980.
Results
Eight classification systems of PSD were identified. Most classification systems were based on anatomical pathology hypotheses. The location and number of sinuses were the main factors defining classification systems. No articles were retrieved that assessed the validity and/or reliability of the classification system employed. Furthermore, there was no evidence to suggest a correlation between prognosis outcome and subgroup.
Conclusions
Based on the evidence available from the literature reviewed we have no recommendations regarding the use of the current classification of PSD. A well-recognised and practical classification system to guide clinical practice is required.
This paper explores the way in which announcers created spectacle in the Eurosport coverage of the men's and women's tennis singles semifinals and finals at the Australian Open 2015. This was an event where gender representations were under global social media scrutiny after two female players were asked to 'twirl' for the audience. We used a two-phase thematic analysis. Semantic thematic analysis showed that more personal descriptions were directed at women than men and these often described off-court features. Descriptions of men included detailed and specific portrayals of physical characteristics, while women's bodies were seldom referred to specifically. Discourse analysis showed that men's games were spoken of as physical clashes between titans. In contrast, women's matches were described in aesthetic rather than physical terms and 'divalike' personalities and relationships were important features of women's game narratives. While male bodies were described in specific detail where relevant to technical features of the game, women's bodies were only described indirectly and non-specifically. For the women's game, this dialogical repression of specific body talk in combination with a strong focus on aesthetic judgements invoked stereotypes by omission, simultaneously reinscribing gender stereotypes and
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