RESUMOApesar de as atividades minerárias serem fundamentais para a economia de diversos países, inclusive o Brasil, seu desenvolvimento não se dá sem que haja algum tipo de degradação ambiental. Os recursos minerais não são recursos renováveis e, portanto, uma vez extraídos, não podem ser substituídos, ou seja, é necessário que sejam utilizados de forma correta e responsável, levando em consideração o desenvolvimento sustentável. Portanto, dentre outros aspectos, é necessário que as minerações antevejam o tratamento e a disposição dos resíduos gerados ou até mesmo a sua devolução ao meio ambiente. Assim, o objetivo principal deste trabalho é apresentar os diferentes tipos de lavras de rochas ornamentais, seus métodos e suas implicações sobre o meio ambiente. Ao longo do trabalho, são apresentados os principais impactos ambientais causados pelas minerações de rochas ornamentais, bem como a importância da recuperação das áreas degradadas por elas. Um melhor planejamento das extrações de rochas ornamentais definiria com maior precisão a viabilidade econômica do empreendimento e diminuiria os impactos ambientais negativos. Além disso, o fim das irregularidades seria possível com a intensificação das ações de políticas públicas, do monitoramento e da fiscalização.Palavras-chave: rocha ornamental; impactos ambientais; comunidade local; recuperação das áreas degradadas.
Coconut fiber is a very common residue in Brazil and already finds uses in different areas. This work evaluated the efficiency of this residue in the thermal insulation for later use in panels of low cost. The green fiber coconut residue was used in the production of samples for thermal and chemical analysis. By using a calorimeter, the measurements of temperatures were made and the coefficients of thermal conductivity were determined. The results showed the good performance of the material regarding its thermal absorption when compared to the data of a traditional material sold in the market. Keywords: Coconut fiber, Thermal comfort, Thermal insulation.
PurposeThe purpose of this research is to determine the major environmental impacts and, especially, to evaluate the geochemical characteristics of water of the lakes formed in abandoned quarries of ornamental rock of the Campo Belo Metamorphic Complex.Design/methodology/approachTo do so, 12 quarries were chosen to be studied. They were mapped in a detail scale and their rocks were described and sampled for petrography analysis. Whenever present, the lakes were evaluated too. In situ measurements included pH, Eh, conductivity, resistivity, total dissolved solids and temperature. Water samples were collected to determine alkalinity, sulfates, chlorates, turbidity, suspended sediments and the concentrations of major and trace elements using the ICP‐OES.FindingsAbandoned open‐pit mining operations have resulted in the creation of numerous pit lakes. About 90 per cent of the quarries visited and studied were abandoned or interdicted by environmental organs, what will probably lead to its subsequent abandonment. The quarries Borges and Gêmeos were two quarries of the abandoned quarries in the region, which has a lake formed in its trench. Gêmeos and Borges pit lakes analytical data shows clear correlation between the chemical compositions of the solute and the geological characteristics of the quarries. In spite of the differences found, the results showed a relatively quality water according to Brazilian legislation control values.Originality/valueThis was the first study done of pit lakes formed in abandoned ornamental rock quarries of Campo Belo Metamorphic Complex/Minas Gerais – Brazil. This research provides a better understanding of the gneisses pit lakes hydrogeochemistry, a subject neglected in scientific literature.
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