-Objective: To examine prospectively usefulness of Early Childhood Inventory-4 (ECI-4) in identifying attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and conduct d i s o rder (CD). Method: A sample of children <6 years of age were evaluated in school settings with ECI-4 and results compared with those of Conners Rating Scales-Revised (CRS-R) 6 months later. Sample consisted of 34 healthy children (20 boys, 14 girls) prospectively followed-up. Results: F requency of childre n fulfill DSM-IV AD-HD criteria in ECI-4 parent scale was 17%, and in teacher scale was 32%. Frequency of c h i l d ren fulfill DSM-IV AD-HD criteria in parent CRS-R was 20%, and for teacher questionnaire was 23%. C o rrelations were significant among teacher ECI-4 and both teacher and parent CRS-R scales. Sensitivity and specificity of teacher and parent ECI-4 scales were not good. Frequency of ODD identified in pare n t ECI-4 scale was 5%, and for teacher 17%. Frequency of ODD in CRS-R for parents and teachers questionnaires was 17%. CD was not identified by parents in ECI-4 scale, but in teacher scale frequency was 14%. Conclusion: These facts support partially the use of ECI-4 screening of ADHD in Spanish-speaking pre s c h o o l children.KEY WORDS: preschool children, hyperactive children, disruptive behavior, screening.Tamizaje del trastorno por déficit de atención-hiperactividad y su co-morbilidad en pre e s c o l a re s mexicanos por el ECI-4: resultados preliminares RESUMEN -Objetivo: Examinar prospectivamente la utilidad del Inventario Temprano de la Niñez-4 (Early Childhood Inventory-4, ECI-4) para identificar el trastorno por déficit de atención-hiperactividad (TDAH), el trastorno desafiante-oposicional (TDO) y el trastorno de conducta (TC). Método: Una muestra de niños <6 años fue evaluada con el ECI-4 en un ambiente escolar y los resultados comparados con los de las Escalas de Conners (Conners Rating Scales-Revised, CRS-R) 6 meses mas tarde. La muestra consistió de 34 niños (20 niños, 14 niñas) seguidos pro s p e c t i v a m e n t e . Resultados: La frecuencia de niños que llenaron los criterios del DSM-IV para TDAH en la escala para padres del ECI-4 fue 17%, mientras que en la escala para maest ros fue 32%. La frecuencia de niños que llenaron los criterios del DSM-IV para TDA-H en la escala para p a d res CRS-R fue 20%, en la escala para maestros fue 23%. Se hallaron correlaciones significativas entre la escala para maestros del ECI-4 y las escalas para maestros y para padres de CRS-R. La sensibilidad y la especificidad de las escalas para maestros y padres del ECI-4 no fueron alentadoras. La frecuencia del TDO identificada en la escala para padres del ECI-4 fue 5% y en la escala para maestros fue 17%. La fre c u e n c i a del TDO en la escala para padres y para maestros CRS-R fue 17%. El TC no fue identificado por los padres con la escala del ECI-4, pero en la escala para maestros, la frecuencia fue de 14%. Conclusión: Los resultados obtenidos apoyan parcialmente el uso de las esca...
Objectives
Food insecurity (FI), a social determinant of health, disproportionally affects U.S. racial/ethnic minority households. Reducing FI can lower health inequities, especially in San Diego County, CA where 42% of Hispanic/Latinx households experience FI. Capacity-oriented approaches may reduce FI and improve diet and health in low-resource settings, but local data are needed to develop these approaches. The overarching goal of this study was to identify multi-level sources of existing capital (assets) in San Diego County to inform an integrated approach to reducing FI.
Methods
Framed by the Socioecological Model, we conducted one-on-one semi-structured interviews with key informants at stakeholder agencies (n = 10) providing food and nutrition services to low-income households across San Diego County. Data collection is ongoing. Interview audio recordings were transcribed, checked, and discussed among the team (primary investigator and student researchers). The student researchers iteratively coded transcripts. The team discussed coding in biweekly meetings. As part of the analytical process, the team referenced the literature to identify theories or frameworks that helped explain what they were observing. Analyses were conducted in NVivo 12.
Results
Preliminary findings demonstrated that across-agency partnerships may be influential sources of existing capital for addressing FI. The Parent and Harvey model was identified as a framework to better understand agency partnerships, as it outlined partnership attributes in the context of partnership outputs. In San Diego County, across-agency partnership attributes that appeared to make partnerships successful included communication (e.g., regular communication, information sharing), coordination (e.g., referrals), trust, and mutuality (e.g., common vision/mission). For example, partnerships enabled a centralized referral process for clients needing access to a variety of services across multiple agencies.
Conclusions
In San Diego County, across-agency partnerships may be uniquely influential to addressing FI. Future research should consider how to continue to leverage these partnership capacities to reduce FI.
Funding Sources
NIH-NHLBI; SDSU ENS Thom Mackenzie Student Research Grant; SDSU Student Undergraduate Research Program.
Fan artworks may be used to engage college students in their literature courses. One such course is described herein, focused on reading, watching, and analyzing children's and young adult literature and their new media adaptations, including fan fiction, fan vids, and fan art. Rather than only requiring academic writing assignments, students were also assigned the task of writing their own piece of fan fiction in response to a course text.
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