The overall 5‐year relative survival rate for all cancers combined is now 68%, and there are over 16.9 million survivors in the United States. Evidence from laboratory and observational studies suggests that factors such as diet, physical activity, and obesity may affect risk for recurrence and overall survival after a cancer diagnosis. The purpose of this American Cancer Society guideline is to provide evidence‐based, cancer‐specific recommendations for anthropometric parameters, physical activity, diet, and alcohol intake for reducing recurrence and cancer‐specific and overall mortality. The audiences for this guideline are health care providers caring for cancer survivors as well as cancer survivors and their families. The guideline is intended to serve as a resource for informing American Cancer Society programs, health policy, and the media. Sources of evidence that form the basis of this guideline are systematic literature reviews, meta‐analyses, pooled analyses of cohort studies, and large randomized clinical trials published since 2012. Recommendations for nutrition and physical activity during cancer treatment, informed by current practice, large cancer care organizations, and reviews of other expert bodies, are also presented. To provide additional context for the guidelines, the authors also include information on the relationship between health‐related behaviors and comorbidities, long‐term sequelae and patient‐reported outcomes, and health disparities, with attention to enabling survivors' ability to adhere to recommendations. Approaches to meet survivors' needs are addressed as well as clinical care coordination and resources for nutrition and physical activity counseling after a cancer diagnosis.

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The majority of leisure time is spent in sedentary behaviors such as television viewing. Studies have documented that prolonged leisure-time sitting is associated with higher risk of mortality-total, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and "all other causes"-but few have examined the "other" causes of death in detail. To examine associations of leisure-time sitting with risk of specific causes of death, we analyzed data from the Cancer Prevention Study II (CPS-II) Nutrition Cohort, a prospective US cohort including 127,554 men and women who were free of major chronic disease at study entry, and among whom 48,784 died during 21 years of follow-up (1993-2014; median follow-up, 20.3 years, interquartile range, 4.6 years). After multivariable adjustment, prolonged leisure-time sitting (≥6 vs. <3 hours per day) was associated with higher risk of mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease (including coronary heart disease and stroke-specific mortality), cancer, diabetes, kidney disease, suicide, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumonitis due to solids and liquids, liver, peptic ulcer and other digestive disease, Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease, nervous disorders, and musculoskeletal disorders. These findings provide additional evidence for associations between a broad range of mortality outcomes and prolonged sitting time. Given the pervasive nature of sitting in the contemporary lifestyle, this study further supports the recommendation that encouraging individuals to reduce sedentary time may provide health benefits.