Chemotherapy faces challenges, including poor aqueous solubility of the drugs, and cardiotoxicity. Micellar drug delivery systems (DDS) are used to encapsulate anticancer drugs for better therapeutic effects, however, with poor loading content. Herein, we synthesized a micellar DDS using γ-benzyloxy substituted poly­(ε-caprolactone) as the hydrophobic block and coloaded anticancer doxorubicin (Dox) and antioxidant quercetin (Que). γ-Substituted oligo­(ethylene) glycol (OEG) poly­(ε-caprolactone)­s were used as hydrophilic blocks to make the polymers thermoresponsive. Variation of the OEG chain allowed the tunability of the lower critical solution temperature. Moreover, drug loading and release were studied. Thermodynamic stability, size, and morphology were determined by fluorescence measurements, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy. Combination loading demonstrated improved loading of Dox and Que. Biological studies were performed using HepG2 human liver cancer and H9c2 rat heart cells. The use of biodegradable, biocompatible, and thermoresponsive polymers along with the coloading approach is a good strategy in developing DDSs.

This review discusses various neodymium catalysts for stereospecific polymerization of dienes, vinyl monomers, and ε-caprolactone.

Amphiphilic homopolymers are gaining importance due to their easy synthesis compared to copolymers and their ability to assemble into various nanostructures. The majority of reported amphiphilic homopolymers have a non-biodegradable...

The short chain fatty acid, 4-phenylbutyric acid (PBA), is used for the treatment of urea cycle disorders and sickle cell disease as an endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibitor. PBA is also known as a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi). We report here the effect of combination therapy on HeLa cancer cells using PBA as the HDACi together with the anticancer drug, doxorubicin (DOX). We synthesized γ-4-phenylbutyrate–ε-caprolactone monomer which was polymerized to form poly(γ-4-phenylbutyrate–ε-caprolactone) (PPBCL) homopolymer using NdCl3·3TEP/TIBA (TEP = triethyl phosphate, TIBA = triisobutylaluminum) catalytic system. DOX-loaded nanoparticles were prepared from the PPBCL homopolymer using poly(ethylene glycol) as a surfactant. An encapsulation efficiency as high as 88% was obtained for these nanoparticles. The DOX-loaded nanoparticles showed a cumulative release of >95% of DOX at pH 5 and 37 °C within 12 h, and PBA release was monitored by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The efficiency of the combination therapy can notably be seen in the cytotoxicity study carried out on HeLa cells, where only ~20% of cell viability was observed after treatment with the DOX-loaded nanoparticles. This drastic cytotoxic effect on HeLa cells is the result of the dual action of DOX and PBA on the DNA strands and the HDAC enzymes, respectively. Overall, this study shows the potential of combination treatment with HDACi and DOX anticancer drug as compared to the treatment with an anticancer drug alone.

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Polycaprolactone (PCL)-based polymeric micelles are extensively used as drug delivery carriers to improve the bioavailability of poorly water soluble drugs due to their convenient tunability by varying functional groups on...

NdCl3.3TEP/TIBA catalytic system for the polymerization of non functional caprolactone and valerolactone, and functional caprolactones.