The effects of genotype, root size, storage, and processing on the content of bioactive compounds in carrots were determined to investigate the possibilities for optimizing the health-promoting properties of this vegetable. The content of polyacetylenes (falcarinol, falcarindiol, falcarindiol-3-acetate), carotenoids (␣ ␣ ␣ ␣ ␣-and ␤ ␤ ␤ ␤ ␤-carotene), and isocoumarin 6-methoxymellein (6-MM) varied significantly between 6 genotypes of the Nantes type. The content of falcarindiol, falcarindiol-3-acetate, and 6-MM was significantly higher in small (50-to 100-g root size) than in extra large root sizes (>250-g root size). Refrigerated storage of the roots for 4 mo at 1 Њ Њ Њ Њ ЊC before processing resulted in a significantly higher content of polyacetylenes and no differences in the content of carotenoids and 6-MM compared with frozen storage of processed carrots. The content of falcarinol increased and that of falcarindiol and falcarindiol-3-acetate decreased during steam blanching of the carrots before freezing. No changes were observed in the content of carotenoids and 6-MM.

The galactolipid (2S)-1,2-di-O-[(9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadeca-9,12,15-trienoyl]-3-O-beta-d-galactopyranosyl glycerol (1) isolated from dried and milled fruits of Rosa canina by bioassay-guided fractionation is an antiinflammatory agent with inhibitory effects on chemotaxis of human peripheral blood neutrophils in vitro. The inhibition of cell migration is not related to toxicity. The presence of 1 in rose hips may explain the clinically observed antiinflammatory properties of rose hip herbal remedies.

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Depending upon the assumed ordering policy, the classical Beer Distribution Model shows a great variety of complex dynamic behaviors, including limit cycle oscillations of different periodicities and deterministic chaos. This article presents an overview of these phenomena. The ordering policy is expressed in terms of two parameters that measure the fraction of the supply line and the fraction of the anticipated shipments accounted for in the placement of orders. Our results indicate that, in certain regions of parameter space, any neighborhood to a given solution will contain qualitatively different solutions. The complexity of the system is revealed in two‐ and three‐dimensional reconstructions of chaotic attractors as well as in Poincaré sections obtained from such reconstructions.