SUMMARYCreeping viscous flows are followed through finite element meshes by use of pseudo-concentrations which define material position. The concentrations, assumed to be transported only by convection, serve as material markers. Illustrations are presented related to industrial forming processes and the slow deformation of geological structures.
SUMMARYA viscous approximation for steady creeping flow is extended to include the effect of elastic strains. Two examples are presented which illustrate both the method and the need for including elastic strains in the analysis of steady-state visco-plastic flows.
SUMMARYThe pseudo-concentration method is used to follow the flow of metal during the transient analysis of an axisymmetric forging problem. The technique requires a minimum of user interaction and appears to be ideal for computer aided design of dies. An analysis of an engine disc blocker die is presented and compared with experimental results. The same problem is analysed using a Newtonian fluid which is shown to give good qualitative results which would be acceptable in the initial stages of die design.
SUMMARYA succinct derivation of a rate equilibrium equation is presented. An Eulerian finite element flow formulation is then developed for the direct solution of the steady state velocity field and Cauchy stress field within an elasto-plastic material. The formulation is used for the analysis of strip drawing.
SUMMARYThe constraint of incompressibility is incorporated into the finite element method for plane strain through the use of a Lagrange multiplier. Depending on the approximating function chosen for this multiplier, the constraint condition can be satisfied everywhere within the element or only in an average sense for the entire element. A study of these two approaches from the point of view of rate of convergence and computer time is presented.
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