This study challenges the widely held belief that
the peasant rebellion
of 1932, and the massive military response to it, marked
the demise of Indian
ethnic identity. Working from documents that have become
available only
recently, we demonstrate that the Indian population was
not decimated by the
military repression. The percentage of Indians in the
population remained steady
and in some regions even increased. We show that the
bedrock of Indian identity,
the cofradías and the communities,
survived the repression as well. We propose
that these survivals are due, ironically, in part to the
military. Despite their
willingness to employ violence on a colossal level,
military leaders believed that
order in the countryside was to be achieved through
reform as well as repression.
The military's reformist ideology and reform
programme worked to defend
individual Indians and Indian communities from ladinos
anxious to avenge their losses in the uprising.
Desde el fin de su guerra civil en 1992, los salvadoreños han producido un número sin precedentes de historias de vida publicadas en forma de testimonios y memorias/autobiografías. La base de este estudio es haber leído esas historias de vida exhaustivamente para determinar si en ellas existían patrones en términos de contenido y/o estilo narrativo. Mi principal hallazgo fue encontrar cuatro distintas comunidades de memoria a partir de las fuentes de historias de vida. Cada comunidad se define de acuerdo a una narrativa propia y coherente que utilizan sus miembros de manera muy consistente. Estas narrativas son mutuamente excluyentes y dentro de ellas se manifiesta que la posguerra en El Salvador se define por una batalla narrativa sobre la memoria y el significado de la guerra civil.
Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 153, 2019: 23-47
With the collapse of the Soviet Union, restrictions on archives in Russia have diminished markedly. Some of the repositories have potential interest for Latin Americanists, including the Comintern Archive. This research note discusses the objectives of the archive and the types of material it contains. A list of the major collections relevant to Latin America is followed by comments on how to use the archive and websites that will facilitate research in Russia. Also provided are bibliographic references to academic studies on Latin America based on Comintern materials.
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