Abstract. Prayoga GP, Aini SN, Mustikarini, ED, Rosalin Y. 2020. Diversity of black pepper plant (Piper nigrum L.) in Bangka Island (Indonesia) based on agro-morphological characters. Biodiversitas 21: 652-660. Black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) production in Bangka Belitung Islands Province continued to decrease in 2014-2017. Efforts to increase black pepper production was carried out by providing superior varieties that began with an increase in the genetic diversity of black pepper plants. Increasing the genetic diversity of black pepper can be done through black pepper germplasm exploration activities followed by characterization. The research aimed to obtain the agro-morphological characteristics of black pepper plants in Bangka island. Exploration was carried out by survey method in four regencies in Bangka Island. The research method used a survey method with convenience sampling technique. Observation of agro-morphological characters was carried out in accordance with the descriptor for black pepper from IPGRI (1995). The results of exploration of black pepper plants in Bangka Island have found 9 accessions of black pepper plants, consisting of 5 cultivars were Lampung Daun Lebar (LDL), Lampung Daun Kecil (LDK), Chunuk, and Jambi and 4 landraces namely Bogor, Peremis, Keriwil, and Merapin Daun Kecil (MDK). There were morphological differences in 9 accessions of black pepper plants, namely leaf lamina shape, leaf vein, leaf margin, lateral branch habit, leaf base shape, ripe fruit color, hanging vines, ground vines, and stem shape. Agro-morphological relationship of 9 accessions of black pepper plants can be divided into 5 clusters at a 50% similarity level. Based on this study, black pepper breeding program on Bangka Island could be done accessions of Peremis, Bogor, Nyelungkup, and Jambi as genetic sources. Furthermore, selection would be better to use length of petiole, length of stem segment, fruit size, percentage of perfect fruit, weight of 1000 fruits, and the weight of 1000 dried seeds as the selection criteria.

The effectiveness and successful of selection depend on the value of genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance estimation. The purpose of this research is to measure the value of genetic parameters (variability, heritability and genetic advance) of F2 lines derived from crossing of mutant red rice, local accession of red rice, and commercial upland rice varieties. This research used single plant design. The rice materials used in this research was the F2 seeds derived from hibridization between MR1512 X Inpago 8, MR1512 X Banyuasin, Inpago 8 X Balok, Balok X Banyuasin and Balok X Inpago 8. Selection intensity used is 10%. The filled grains and grain weight have a wide phenotypic variability, whereas the plant height and the productive tiller numbers have wide genotypic variability. The high heritability value was found in the plant height, flowering time, and harvest time. The high genetic advance was found in plant height, productive tillers number, flowering time, and harvest time. In the present work, it has been shown that the plant height, productive tiller numbers, flowering time, and harvest time are the important traits for use in rice lodging tolerance breeding program.

Dryland area in Indonesia reaches 108.8 millions ha (69.4%) of the total dry land with the potential to expand the area of food crops reaching 7.1 million ha, which is dominated by ultisol and oxisol soil types. Plant constraint cultivation on ultisol soil types is the acidic soil pH with high Al and Fe levels. One of the efforts that can be made to cultivate plants on ultisol soil is the selection of plants that are tolerant of Fe stress. This study aimed to determine a tolerance level and F6 red rice lines that were tolerant of iron (Fe) stress in ultisol soils. The experimental design used was factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 2 factors, the first factor consisted of 12 treatments (10 test lines and 2 comparison varieties) and the second factor  was iron stress with concentrations (0 ppm and 551,55 ppm). The stress was applied after 3 WAP. The stress resistance test to iron (Fe) should that all lines of red rice F6 on ultisol soils have a score of 1 which indicates the stress tolerance of Fe at a concentration of 551,55 ppm Fe. The 23A-56-30-25-12 and 23A-56-30-25-13 lines were the best lines that were tolerant of 551,55 ppm iron (Fe) stress with the highest growth and yield. The lines tested can be developed on ultisol soils because they are tolerant of Fe.

Hydroponic vegetable cultivation for PKK mothers aims to produce safe household-scale vegetables. This activity was an opportunity for the community to increase income. Community service activities were carried out in Pagarawan Village, Merawang Subdistrict, Bangka District in May–August 2018. The purpose of community service activities was to provide counseling and training on plant cultivation with a hydroponic system. Kind of vegetables that are cultivated are mustard greens. The hydroponic system that was socialized to participants was a floating and flowing hydroponic system using a wick. The results of a survey to training participants showed that 38.46 strongly agreed, 61.54 agreed, and 0 disagreed with hydroponic vegetable cultivation. The results of SWOT analysis showed that to increased community motivation in conducting hydroponic crop cultivation there needs a capital/investment, support from academics, and the government. The results of analysis of mustard greens farming in hydroponics require an initial capital of IDR 2,016,000, a profit of IDR 502,570/month, and venture capital can be returned within 4 months. The hydroponic plant system is very good to be developed because besides being able to meet the needs of vegetables for the household it can also increase family income.

Most of Indonesian red rice is not grown in dry land. New varieties could be breeded through mutation breeding. This research objective was to evaluate the selection strategy of drought tolerant on red rice. The study was conducted on Ultisol soil in Bangka Belitung Province, Indonesia, in February 2012-February 2015. It consisted of three activities, selection M5, evaluation of selected M5 and evaluation of drought critical period on selected M6. Mutant of M5 was selected and evaluated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) -0.5 MPa and less of soil moisture. Selected M6 was evaluated to observe a critical period of drought stress. Evaluation with PEG produces five superior mutants that more vigor than the elders. Selection on low humidity shows that M5-GR150-1-9 produces higher filled grain and weight filled grain than other mutants and elders. The selected red rice line M5-GR150-1-9-13, has a better tolerance towards drought than its control. It could be obtained such mutant lines which have a high yield, early maturing and drought tolerant from the result of six generations gamma irradiation mutant selection.

Accession of red rice does not have the traits of early maturity, drought tolerance and high yield. Mutation is needed to obtain the desired genetic resources. Gamma-ray irradiation is the right method because it was proved capable of producing hundreds of new varieties, which are better than the previous. This study aimed to identify the improvement of early maturity and drought tolerance of red rice mutant to gamma ray irradiation results. The research materials are M4, M5 and M6 strain, which are derived from the Bangka's accession local red rice (Celak Madu, Ruten Puren and radix). The three accession seed have been treated with gamma-ray irradiation doses of 150, 200 and 250 Gray. The results showed gamma ray irradiation dose of 150 Gray and 200 Gray to red rice accession can form a mutant with the character of harvesting time less than 115 days after planting and was more drought tolerant than the previous. M6-GR150-1-9-13 strain was selected as a candidate for early maturity, drought tolerant and high yield mutant.

Abstract. Lestari T, Apriyadi R, Mustikarini ED, Saputra W, Merlin Y. 2020. The application of palm-oil waste as organic materials on three pineapple accessions cultivated on post-tin mining land in Bangka Island, Indonesia. Nusantara Bioscience 12: 40-45. Tin mining activities in Bangka Island have produced a vast extent of critical lands that contain clay and tailings. Bangka local pineapple accessions have a high potential to be cultivated in the post-tin mining area as they are able to adapt to drought. The aim of this research was to investigate the growth performance of three pineapple accessions planted on post-tin mining land in Bangka by utilizing solid waste of oil palm as organic materials. The study was conducted in Dwi Makmur village, Merawang Sub-district, Bangka District from November 2017 to June 2019. The experiment used Factorial Completely Randomized Design (FCRD) with two factors: the first was three pineapple accessions (i.e. Toboali Bikang, Peranak and Bogor) and the second was palm oil solid waste (i.e. palm oil empty bunch (POEB) and palm oil bare ash (POBA)). We measured the parameters of vegetative and generative and the values were compared using Fisher test followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test (α 0.05). We also conducted organoleptic tests and total dissolved solid tests to assess the quality of the fruit. We found that the application of POEB as organic materials affected the vegetative and generative parameters. We also found that the interaction of POEB with Peranak accession resulted in the best fruit productivity. Our results suggest that Peranak accession is potential to be cultivated in post-tin mining land in Bangka with the application of palm oil empty bunch as organic materials.

Efforts that can be made in dealing with the limiting factors of rice plants are developing local rice to get the desired character. The results of hybridization were selected to see the superior character of the offspring based on genetic parameters. The purpose of this study was to obtain the value of variability, heritability, and expected genetic advance in each 4th generation character [F4]. Another goal was as a selection criterion for the 4th generation [F4] line and to get a line of promising that can be used as the next generation of promising lines. The research activities were carried out in the Experimental Station of the Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Fisheries and Biology, Bangka Belitung University. This research employed an experimental method based on a single plant design with a single factor that was 56 4th generation [F4] lines of crossed upland rice and 4 crossing elders. Qualitative characters were analyzed by calculating the modus of the characteristics of the whole population. Quantitative characters were analyzed by calculating variability, heritability, expected genetic advance, and t-student tests. The results showed that the character of flowering time, harvest time, and plant height had narrow variability, high heritability, and high expected genetic advance. The characters used for the selection criteria of rice plants in the 4th generation [F4] were flowering time, harvest time, and plant height. As many as 70 lines were used as the next generation of promising lines [F5].