Em 11 de março de 2020, a Organização Mundial de Saúde declarou que o mundo estava sendo alvo de uma pandemia devido ao novo coronavírus. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o panorama das pesquisas e das políticas públicas focadas na COVID-19, mapeando o desenvolvimento de tecnologias relacionadas ao tema. A pesquisa teve caráter descritivo e exploratório, ao analisar informações de forma abrangente a partir de referências bibliográficas, com enfoque no repositório PubMed. A prospecção tecnológica quantitativa sobre os coronavírus, através de 06 bancos de patentes, vem a complementar essa análise qualitativa. Com a crise global causada pela COVID-19, a produção de conhecimento e plataformas digitais foi extremamente acelerada num curto espaço de tempo. Praticamente todos os países foram afetados pela pandemia, e aqueles que entenderam a gravidade da situação mais rapidamente, e implementaram políticas e tecnologias assertivas puderam mitigar os impactos de curto prazo, principalmente no que diz respeito à preservação de vidas.
Anaerobic digestion is a process that occurs through microorganisms in an anoxic condition and aims to digest organic matter resulting mainly in biogas. This process is common in wastewater treatment WWTs (Waste Water Treatment), which usually occur in bioreactors. In Brazil the most widespread is the UASB (Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket) reactor due to its temperature conditions, which found in the country an ideal parameter. Archeas make up the microbiota responsible for digestion acting in the final stage of methanogenesis. The studies of these organisms are mainly through metagenomics, because laboratory cultivation is difficult. Therefore, the research aimed to study the physical and molecular parameters of the sludge. Four UASB reactors from WWT Center in Petrolina – Pernambuco- Brazil were evaluated. For the DNA extraction process the adapted protocol was applied, the physical analysis of the solids obeyed the determinations of APHA (2005). DNA extraction was achieved with the modified protocol and demonstrated a high concentration of DNA present in the samples, being the 4 most abundant reactor. Physical quantifications of the solids analysis showed that the values found are in compliance with current standards.
Methanogenic archaeas are found in aquatic and terrestrial environments and are fundamental in the conversion of organic matter into methane, a gas that has a potential use as renewable source of energy, which is also considered as one of the main agents of the greenhouse effect. The vast majority of microbial genomes can be identified by a conservative molecular marker, the 16S ribosomal gene. However, the mcrA gene have been using in studies of methanogenic archaea diversity as an alternative marker, highly conserved and present only in methanogens. This gene allows the expression of the enzyme Methyl-coenzyme M reductase, the main agent in converting by-products of anaerobic digestion into methane. In this context, we aimed to study the genetic diversity of mcrA and 16S rRNA genes sequences available in databases. The nucleotide sequences were selected from the NCBI. The heterozygosity and molecular diversity indexes were calculated using the Arlequin 3.5 software, with plots generated by package R v3.0. The diversity and heterozygosity indices for both genes may have been influenced by the number and size of the sequences. Descriptive analysis of genetic diversity generated by sequences deposited in databases allowed a detailed study of these molecules. It is known that the organisms in a population are genetically distinct, and that, despite having similarities in their gene composition, the differences are essential for their adaptation to different environments.
The purpose of this work was to propose sustainable solutions for advanced oil recovery by evaluating the ability of the bacterium Pseudomonas sp. in the biotransformation of alkanes, in addition to determining strain growth patterns under extreme conditions. For this, the work was initially carried out under laboratory conditions, in which the crude oil was fractionated to obtain the saturated fraction used in the experiment. The bacterial tolerance to salinity and temperature was also tested to determine the experimental conditions and set up the experiment in regard to these parameters. Additionally, an experiment was performed to produce a biosurfactant through biostimulation. The biotransformation experiment consisted of a triplicate with treatment and a control. For treatments, Erlenmeyers flasks received 100 mL of broth containing the biosurfactant, 10 g (10%) of NaCl, 3% of the strain and 1% of the saturated fraction. Erlenmeyer flasks were incubated at 40 °C and 180 rpm for 18 days with periodic analysis. The results initially showed the bacteria exhibited better tolerance at a temperature of 40 °C, and there was no significant change for the different salinities, which was a nonlimiting parameter. For the final experiment, the bacterial growth analysed by Optical Density (OD). exhibited a low variation, in which the lowest point was in T18 with an absorbance of 0.115 and the highest point was in T6 with an absorbance of 0.149. In the qPCR analysis of the bacterial population, the pattern found was similar to the optical density results, with low variation; the lowest number of copies of the 16S rRNA gene (6.66x 103) was found in T0 and the highest number was found in T12 (7.86x 103). For biotransformation analysis, time 6 was observed to have the highest rate, with 54% oil recovery (C30), followed by 52% (C31) and 51% (C29).
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