Turbo codes are presently ubiquitous in the context of mobile wireless communications among other application domains. A decoder for such codes is typically the most power intensive component in the baseband processing chain of a wireless receiver. The iterative nature of these decoders represents a dynamic workload. This brief presents a dynamic power management policy for these decoders. An algorithm is proposed to tune a power manageable decoder according to a prediction of the workload involved within the decoding task. By reclaiming the timing slack left when operating the decoder at a high power mode, the proposed algorithm continuously looks for opportunities to switch to a lower power mode that guarantees the task completion. We apply this technique to an long term evolution Turbo decoder and explore the feasibility of a VLSI implementation on a CMOS technology of 65 nm. Energy savings of up to 54% were achieved with a relatively low loss in error-correction performance.Index Terms-Dynamic power management, iterative decoding, low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes, low power design, turbo codes.
This paper presents a dynamic power management strategy for the iterative decoding of low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. We propose an online algorithm for adjusting the operation of a power manageable decoder. Decision making is based upon the monitoring of a convergence metric independent from the message computation kernel. Furthermore we analyze the feasibility of a VLSI implementation for such algorithm. Up to 54% savings in energy were achieved with a relatively low loss on error-correcting performance.
The decoding of LDPC codes using the turbodecoding message-passing strategy is considered. This strategy can be used with different SISO message computation kernels. We analyze the suitability for VLSI implementation of various message computation algorithms in terms of implementation area, energy consumption and error-correcting performance. As one of the computation kernels, we introduce the recent Self-Corrected Min-Sum algorithm and show the advantages it brings from an energy efficiency perspective. We present comparisons among the studied kernels implemented in a 65nm CMOS process and use a test case from the codes defined in IEEE 802.11n to show differences in energy efficiency.
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Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) have important roles in regulating key checkpoints between stages of the cell cycle. Their activity is tightly regulated through a variety of mechanisms, including through binding with cyclin proteins and the Cdc2/Cdc28 kinase subunit (CKS), and their phosphorylation at specific amino acids. Studies of the components involved in cell cycle control in parasitic protozoa are limited. Trichomonas vaginalis is the causative agent of trichomoniasis in humans and is therefore important in public health; however, some of the basic biological processes used by this organism have not been defined. Here, we characterized proteins potentially involved in cell cycle regulation in T. vaginalis. Three genes encoding protein kinases were identified in the T. vaginalis genome, and the corresponding recombinant proteins (TvCRK1, TvCRK2, TvCRK5) were studied. These proteins displayed similar sequence features to CDKs. Two genes encoding CKSs were also identified, and the corresponding recombinant proteins were found to interact with TvCRK1 and TvCRK2 by a yeast two-hybrid system. One putative cyclin B protein from T. vaginalis was found to bind to and activate the kinase activities of TvCRK1 and TvCRK5, but not TvCRK2. This work is the first characterization of proteins involved in cell cycle control in T. vaginalis.
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