The rate of reaction of the anhydrous sodium carbonate with the hydrogen chloride and its mixture with sulphur dioxide was measured in an integral fixed-bed reactor. Reactivity of the active sodium carbonate towards the hydrogen chloride is lower as compared with its reactivity towards the sulphur dioxide. A relationship was found between the reactivity of the solid and the way of its preparation. The inactive form of the sodium carbonate is inactive towards both the sulphur dioxide and the hydrogen chloride. The active form of the sodium carbonate exhibits towards the hydrogen chloride a reactivity which is by orders of magnitude higher than that of the inactive form. The variation of the ratio of partial pressures of the hydrogen chloride and the sulphur dioxide in the reaction with the sodium carbonate does not affect significantly the total degree of the solid conversion, which attained a value of 65% in laboratory experiments. The degree of gas purification from the acid components did not fall under a value of 99% up to a solid conversion of about 50% at a mean gas contact time of about 10-2 s.
Abstract.The role of inorganic bromine compounds in the chemistry of the midlatitude lowermost stratosphere is examined. Model studies are perfomed using a chemistry box model. Special emphasis is layed on investigating the implications of bromine chemistry on the atmospheric effects of subsonic aircraft NOx emissions. The simulations suggest that the presence of bromine constituents leads to an effective denoxification, an activation of HOx, and a significant ozone depletion in the background lowermost stratosphere. Bromine chemistry has the potential to induce large increases in the modeled ozone production caused by aircraft NOx emissions in the lowermost stratosphere. The modeled effect strongly depends on the availability of inorganic bromine compounds, on aerosol loading, and on the NOx background concentration. The hydrolysis reaction of BrONO2 on sulfate aerosols and the reaction of BrO with HO2 appear to be the key reactions driving the simulated impact of bromine chemistry on the aircraft-induced ozone changes.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.