An evidence-based systematic review of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), including written and statistical analysis of scientific literature, expert opinion, folkloric precedent, history, pharmacology, kinetics/dynamics, interactions, adverse effects, toxicology, and dosing.

and completed residency training in physical medicine and rehabilitation at The Ohio State University. Dr. Atchison has been in practice at academic medical centers for more than 20 years, serving on the faculty at the University of Kentucky and University of Florida before his appointment at Northwestern University. A recognized teacher and researcher in the field of pain management and rehabilitation, he has presented courses, lectures, and workshops nationally and internationally on pharmacological and nonpharmacological therapies, care of spinal injuries, and spinal manipulation. Dr. Atchison has led and participated in many research projects, including several funded by the National Institutes of Health. He has authored numerous research papers and book chapters, and he serves as a peer reviewer for the Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. He has been a member of the editorial boards of the Supplement Policy Statement Standards for Supplements to the Journal of Managed Care PharmacySupplements to the Journal of Managed Care Pharmacy are intended to support medical education and research in areas of clinical practice, health care quality improvement, or efficient administration and delivery of health benefits. The following standards are applied to all JMCP supplements to ensure quality and assist readers in evaluating potential bias and determining alternate explanations for findings and results. 1. Disclose the principal sources of funding in a manner that permits easy recognition by the reader. 2. Disclose the existence of all potential conflicts of interest among supplement contributors, including financial or personal bias. 3. Describe all drugs by generic name unless the use of the brand name is necessary to reduce the opportunity for confusion among readers. 4. Identify any off-label (unapproved) use by drug name and specific off-label indication. 5. Strive to report subjects of current interest to managed care pharmacists and other managed care professionals. S14 Multitarget Drugs S15 Conclusions S15 References Target AudiencesThis CME/CE activity is designed to meet the educational needs of pharmacists, physicians, nurse practitioners, and nurses. Learning Objectives• Assess patient-specific risk factors in selecting NSAIDs for mild-to-moderate musculoskeletal pain • Incorporate risk/benefit analysis in decision making about NSAID use • Use evidence-based guidelines for selecting NSAID therapy and applying strategies to prevent complications • Evaluate the efficacy, safety, and pharmacological profile of new and emerging NSAID formulations Funding This supplement was funded by an independent educational grant to PRIME Education, Inc. (PRIME) from Iroko Pharmaceuticals, LLC. Accreditation StatementsIn support of improving patient care, PRIME Education, Inc. (PRIME) is accredited by the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC), the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE), and the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) to provide continuing educat...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the scientific evidence on stevia, including expert opinion, folkloric precedent, history, pharmacology, kinetics/dynamics, interactions, adverse effects, toxicology, and dosing. This review serves as a clinical support tool. Electronic searches were conducted in 10 databases, 20 additional journals (not indexed in common databases), and bibliographies from 50 selected secondary references. No restrictions were placed on the language or quality of the publications. All literature collected pertained to efficacy in humans, dosing, precautions, adverse effects, use in pregnancy and lactation, interactions, alteration of laboratory assays, and mechanisms of action. Standardized inclusion and exclusion criteria were used for selection. Grades were assigned using an evidence-based grading rationale. Based on the availability of scientific data, two indications are discussed in this review: hypertension and hyperglycemia. Evaluation of two long-term studies (1 and 2 years in length, respectively) indicates that stevia may be effective in lowering blood pressure in hypertensive patients, although data from shorter studies (1-3 months) did not support these findings. A pair of small studies also report positive results with respect to glucose tolerance and response, although the relatively low methodological rigor of these experiments limits the strength of these findings. Further investigation is warranted in both indications.

An evidence-based systematic review of vanadium by the Natural Standard Research Collaboration consolidates the safety and efficacy data available in the scientific literature using a validated, reproducible grading rationale. This article includes written and statistical analysis of clinical trials, plus a compilation of expert opinion, folkloric precedent, history, pharmacology, kinetics/dynamics, interactions, adverse effects, toxicology, and dosing.

An evidence-based systematic review, including written and statistical analysis of scientific literature, expert opinion, folkloric precedent, history, pharmacology, kinetics/dynamics, interactions, adverse effects, toxicology, and dosing.

There is limited evidence supporting the efficacy of Salvia hispanica for any indication; thus far, only two clinical studies have examined the effects of Salvia hispanica on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors (including body weight). One study showed some effects on some CVD risk factors, while the other did not. Neither study showed any effects of Salvia hispanica on weight loss. However, the historical use of Salvia hispanica suggests that it is safe for consumption by nonallergic individuals. Further rigorous examination is warranted pertaining to the use of Salvia hispanica as a dietary supplement, as well as in the treatment or prevention of human disease.

An evidence-based systematic review of gymnema (Gymnema sylvestre R. Br.), including written and statistical analysis of scientific literature, expert opinion, folkloric precedent, history, pharmacology, kinetics/dynamics, interactions, adverse effects, toxicology, and dosing.

No abstract